BSL - Diagnosis of panic disorder

Diagnosis of Panic Disorder

Introduction to Panic Disorder

Panic Disorder is a mental health condition characterised by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks. These panic attacks involve a sudden onset of intense fear or discomfort, accompanied by physical and cognitive symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, and a fear of losing control or dying. Understanding the diagnosis of panic disorder is essential for effective treatment and management.

Recognising the Symptoms

In the United Kingdom, mental health professionals use criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to diagnose Panic Disorder. To be diagnosed, individuals must experience recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern or worry about having additional attacks or their consequences. Symptoms should persist for at least one month and not be attributable to substances, medical conditions, or other mental health disorders.

Initial Assessment

The diagnosis typically begins with a comprehensive evaluation by a General Practitioner (GP). This may involve a detailed medical history and physical examination to rule out other medical conditions that could mimic the symptoms of panic attacks. If necessary, the GP may refer the patient to a mental health specialist, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, for further diagnostic assessment.

Psychological Evaluation

A psychological evaluation involves a series of interviews, questionnaires, and self-report assessments designed to gather information about the individual's symptoms, mental health history, and the impact of panic attacks on their daily life. Tools often used include the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) scale, which help quantify the severity and frequency of symptoms.

Exclusion of Other Conditions

Part of the diagnostic process involves the exclusion of other mental health disorders that may present with similar symptoms, such as Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias. Additionally, medical conditions like hyperthyroidism, cardiac arrhythmias, and vestibular disorders must be ruled out as potential causes of the symptoms.

Diagnosis and Treatment Plan

Once a diagnosis of Panic Disorder is confirmed, a tailored treatment plan is developed. This may include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), medication such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or benzodiazepines, and lifestyle modifications. Early diagnosis and intervention are key in managing symptoms and improving the quality of life for individuals living with Panic Disorder in the UK.