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Epilepsy - NHS A to Z - Dr Gill
What is Epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a neurological condition affecting the brain, leading to recurrent and unprovoked seizures. These seizures result from sudden, excessive electrical discharges within the brain. People of all ages can develop epilepsy, and it is one of the most common neurological disorders observed. Those living with epilepsy may experience various types of seizures, which can differ greatly from person to person. Epilepsy can impact daily life, but many individuals manage it well with appropriate medical care.
What Causes Seizures?
Seizures can be triggered by several factors, though the exact cause often remains unknown. Some common causes of seizures include:
- Genetic Factors: Heredity can play a role in epilepsy, with certain forms being more likely if a close family member is affected.
- Brain Injuries: Traumatic injuries to the brain from accidents or surgery can lead to epilepsy.
- Medical Conditions: Conditions like stroke, brain tumours, or infections (e.g., meningitis) can result in seizures.
- Prenatal Injuries: Brain damage occurring before or during birth can lead to seizure disorders later in life.
- Developmental Disorders: Disorders such as autism can also be associated with epilepsy.
Understanding the cause of seizures can aid in the precise diagnosis and tailored treatment of epilepsy. In the UK, the NHS provides comprehensive support for those with epilepsy, guiding treatment plans that may include medication, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery to help control seizures effectively.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
What causes seizures in epilepsy?
Seizures in epilepsy can be caused by various factors including genetic influences, head trauma, brain conditions, prenatal injury, and developmental disorders.
How is epilepsy diagnosed?
Epilepsy is diagnosed through several methods including medical history, neurological examinations, blood tests, and imaging tests like MRI and CT scans, as well as electroencephalograms (EEGs).
What are the types of seizures associated with epilepsy?
There are two main types of seizures: focal onsets (formerly known as partial seizures) which affect a specific part of the brain, and generalised onsets which affect both sides of the brain.
Can epilepsy be treated?
Yes, treatments for epilepsy include medications, lifestyle changes, surgical options, and alternative therapies. The aim is to control or reduce the frequency of seizures.
Is epilepsy a lifelong condition?
Epilepsy can be a lifelong condition for some individuals, while others may eventually outgrow it. With effective treatment, many individuals with epilepsy can lead normal lives.
What should I do if someone is having an epileptic seizure?
Stay calm, protect the person from injury by moving harmful objects away, place them in a recovery position once the seizure stops, and do not hold them down or put anything in their mouth. Call emergency services if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes.
Can people with epilepsy drive in the UK?
People with epilepsy in the UK may be allowed to drive if they meet specific medical standards, including being seizure-free for a period determined by the DVLA (Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency).
What triggers seizures in individuals with epilepsy?
Common triggers for seizures include sleep deprivation, stress, flashing lights (photosensitivity), alcohol, and missed medication.
Are there any side effects associated with epilepsy medications?
Yes, side effects from epilepsy medications can include dizziness, fatigue, weight gain, mood changes, and in some cases more severe reactions. It's important to discuss any side effects with your healthcare provider.
Is there a cure for epilepsy?
Currently, there is no cure for epilepsy, but many people achieve complete seizure control using various treatments.
Can children have epilepsy?
Yes, epilepsy can occur at any age, including in children. It can be due to various factors, including genetic predispositions and developmental issues.
How does epilepsy affect daily life?
Epilepsy can impact daily life by affecting physical safety, emotional well-being, education, employment, and social activities. Proper management and support can alleviate many of these challenges.
What lifestyle changes can help manage epilepsy?
Lifestyle changes such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, reducing stress, avoiding known seizure triggers, and following a balanced diet can help manage epilepsy.
Can epilepsy affect mental health?
Yes, people with epilepsy are at an increased risk for mental health issues like depression and anxiety. Support from healthcare providers, family, and support groups can be beneficial.
Useful Links
Useful links from: Am I affected by Sodium Valproate?
- NHS: Sodium Valproate Official NHS page providing comprehensive information on sodium valproate, including its uses, side effects, precautions, and guidance for those who may be affected.
- Epilepsy Action: Sodium Valproate UK-based charity Epilepsy Action provides detailed information on sodium valproate, discussing its role in treating epilepsy, potential risks, and the importance of regular reviews.
- Specialist Pharmacy Service: Risks of Sodium Valproate Specialist Pharmacy Service offers expert advice and analysis on the risks associated with sodium valproate, particularly concerning pregnancy and long-term use.
- The Fetal Anti-Convulsant Syndrome Association (FACSA) FACSA is a UK charity supporting individuals affected by fetal anti-convulsant syndrome, which can result from exposure to sodium valproate during pregnancy. The site offers resources, support, and advocacy information.
Useful links from: Epilepsy - My Story | NHS
- NHS - Epilepsy: My Story Read personal stories from people who have experienced epilepsy, their challenges, and how they manage their condition.
- Epilepsy Action - Your Stories A collection of personal epilepsy stories contributed by people from the UK. These stories aim to offer support and inspiration to others affected by the condition.
- Epilepsy Society - Personal Experiences Browse through real-life stories shared by individuals living with epilepsy, detailing their personal journeys and coping strategies.
- Young Epilepsy - My Story Find stories from young people and their families about living with epilepsy. This charity offers a platform for young people to share their experiences and connect with others.
Useful links from: Epilepsy research: EEG | NHS
- NHS - Epilepsy This is the main NHS page dedicated to providing comprehensive information on epilepsy, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
- Epilepsy Research UK Epilepsy Research UK is a charity dedicated to funding and promoting research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of epilepsy.
- Epilepsy Action Epilepsy Action provides a broad range of resources, support networks, and information for epilepsy patients, their families, and healthcare professionals.
- NHS - EEG (Electroencephalogram) This NHS page offers detailed information on EEG, a test used to find problems related to electrical activity of the brain, which is crucial for epilepsy diagnosis and management.
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- You may need to turn these on, and choose your preferred language.
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- To turn on Captions, click settings .
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