Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Introduction

ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a mental health condition that affects an individual's ability to focus, stay still, and control impulses.

The main symptoms of ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms can vary in severity and may present differently in children and adults.

ADHD is relatively common, affecting about 2-5% of school-aged children in the UK. It also affects adults, though the prevalence in adults is less clearly defined.

The exact cause of ADHD is not known, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors.

Yes, ADHD can be diagnosed in adults. Many adults with ADHD were not diagnosed as children, and the symptoms may become more noticeable as they face the challenges of adult life.

ADHD is diagnosed through a thorough evaluation that includes interviews, behavioural assessments, and sometimes questionnaires. The evaluation is usually carried out by a specialist such as a psychiatrist or a clinical psychologist.

There is no cure for ADHD, but it can be managed with a combination of treatments including medication, behavioural therapy, and lifestyle changes.

Common medications for ADHD include stimulants like methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine-based drugs (Adderall), as well as non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine (Strattera).

Yes, non-medication treatments for ADHD include behavioural therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), psychoeducation, and lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise modifications.

Some children may see a reduction in symptoms as they grow older, but ADHD often continues into adulthood. The severity and presentation of symptoms can change over time.

Schools can support children with ADHD by providing accommodations such as extra time for assignments, a quiet environment for tests, and behavioural interventions.

Parents who suspect their child has ADHD should speak with their child's GP or school nurse for initial guidance and potentially seek a referral to a specialist for a comprehensive evaluation.

While diet and nutrition alone cannot cause or cure ADHD, some studies suggest that certain dietary changes, such as reducing sugar intake and ensuring a balanced diet, might help manage symptoms for some individuals.

Yes, individuals with ADHD are at a higher risk of having other mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and learning disabilities.

Yes, there are several support groups and resources available in the UK for people with ADHD and their families, including organisations like ADHD UK and the National Attention Deficit Disorder Information and Support Service (ADDISS).

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterised by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.

The main symptoms of ADHD include trouble focusing, difficulty staying on task, impulsive behaviour, and hyperactivity. These symptoms can vary in severity and affect each individual differently.

ADHD can be diagnosed by a healthcare professional such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or a paediatrician. In the UK, a GP may refer you to a specialist for a formal diagnosis.

The exact cause of ADHD is not known, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Brain structure and function differences may also play a role.

ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting around 2-5% of school-aged children in the UK. It can also persist into adulthood, affecting about 3-4% of adults.

Yes, adults can have ADHD. Symptoms may change over time, but many adults continue to experience substantial challenges related to the disorder.

Treatments for ADHD may include medication, behavioural therapy, and lifestyle changes. The specific treatment plan should be tailored to the individual’s needs.

Yes, there are three types of ADHD: predominantly inattentive presentation, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation, and combined presentation, which reflects both inattention and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

ADHD is not classified as a learning disability, but its symptoms can interfere with learning. Some individuals with ADHD may also have learning disabilities.

Yes, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and a consistent daily routine can help manage ADHD symptoms. Proper sleep and stress management are also important.

Medication is not always necessary and the decision to use medication should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider. Behavioural therapy and lifestyle changes can also be effective.

Common medications for ADHD include stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, as well as non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine.

ADHD in children is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation that includes a medical exam, interviews with parents and teachers, and behavioural assessments.

There is no cure for ADHD, but with proper treatment and management strategies, individuals with ADHD can lead successful and fulfilling lives.

ADHD tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. However, environmental factors also play a significant role in the development of the disorder.