What is Seasonal Affective Disorder? (SAD)

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs at a specific time of year, usually in the winter months when daylight hours are shorter.

Symptoms of SAD can include persistent low mood, loss of interest in activities, irritability, feelings of despair, lethargy, and changes in sleep and appetite.

SAD is unique because it follows a seasonal pattern, typically occurring during the autumn and winter months and improving during spring and summer. Regular depression does not follow this seasonal pattern.

People who live farther from the equator, where daylight hours are shorter in the winter, are more likely to develop SAD. Women and young adults may also be at higher risk.

The exact cause of SAD is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to reduced exposure to sunlight, which can affect the body's internal clock and the production of melatonin and serotonin.

Yes, SAD can be treated with a variety of methods including light therapy, medication, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and lifestyle changes such as increasing exposure to natural light and regular exercise.

Light therapy involves sitting near a light box that emits a bright light, simulating natural sunlight. It is often used for about 20-30 minutes each morning during the darker months.

Some people may experience mild side effects from light therapy, such as headaches, eye strain, or feeling overly energetic, but these usually subside within a few days of starting treatment.

Light therapy is not typically available on the NHS, but light boxes can be purchased from retailers. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting treatment.

A healthy diet that includes foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins D and B, and complex carbohydrates can help improve mood and energy levels. Some people find that vitamin D supplements are helpful.

Regular physical activity can help reduce symptoms of SAD by boosting mood and energy levels. Outdoor exercise is particularly beneficial as it increases exposure to natural light.

Yes, SAD can lead to changes in sleep patterns, including oversleeping, difficulty waking up, and a general feeling of lethargy. Establishing a regular sleep schedule can help manage these symptoms.

Yes, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider if you suspect you have SAD. They can provide a proper diagnosis and discuss treatment options suited to your needs.

Preventive measures include maximizing exposure to natural light, particularly in the morning, maintaining a regular exercise routine, managing stress, and establishing a consistent sleep schedule.

There is some evidence to suggest that SAD can run in families, indicating a possible genetic component. However, more research is needed to fully understand the hereditary aspects of the disorder.