Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Diagnosis

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness that are more severe and frequent than typically observed at a comparable level of development.

ADHD is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, typically a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist. The assessment usually includes interviews, behavioural observations, and the use of structured questionnaires or rating scales.

ADHD can be diagnosed in children as young as 4 years old; however, symptoms typically become evident between the ages of 6 and 12. Adults can also be diagnosed with ADHD, often after recognising their symptoms or having children diagnosed.

Common symptoms include difficulty sustaining attention, following through on tasks, excessive fidgeting, inability to sit still, and acting without thinking. These symptoms must be present for at least six months and be inappropriate for the developmental level.

Yes, adults can have ADHD. Many adults have lived with the symptoms without diagnosis and only discover they have ADHD later in life, sometimes after their children are diagnosed.

There is no single test for ADHD. Diagnosis is based on a thorough clinical assessment, including a detailed history, interviews, and symptom checklists. Sometimes additional psychological or educational assessments are used.

Yes, ADHD can be misdiagnosed as its symptoms overlap with other conditions such as anxiety, depression, and learning disabilities. Accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive assessment by an experienced healthcare professional.

If you suspect your child has ADHD, you should consult with your GP. The GP can refer you to a specialist for a comprehensive evaluation. Early diagnosis and intervention can help manage symptoms more effectively.

In the UK, ADHD can be diagnosed by child and adolescent psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, paediatricians, and specialist ADHD nurses. Adult ADHD can be diagnosed by psychiatrists, specialist nurses, and psychologists.

Yes, there are three types of ADHD: primarily inattentive presentation, primarily hyperactive-impulsive presentation, and combined presentation, which includes symptoms of both inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity.

ADHD can be managed with a combination of treatments including medication, behavioural therapy, psychotherapy, and educational support. The most effective treatment plan varies for each individual.

Common medications for treating ADHD include stimulants like methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin) and amphetamines (e.g., Adderall), as well as non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine (Intuniv).

Yes, lifestyle changes such as maintaining a consistent routine, engaging in regular physical exercise, eating a balanced diet, and practising good sleep hygiene can help manage ADHD symptoms.

Yes, there are several support groups and organisations that offer resources and support for individuals with ADHD and their families in the UK, including the ADHD Foundation and ADDISS (The National Attention Deficit Disorder Information and Support Service).

Schools can support children with ADHD by providing classroom accommodations such as extra time for tasks, using visual aids, implementing behavioural intervention strategies, offering breaks for physical activity, and working closely with parents and healthcare providers.