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What is cervical screening (smear test)?

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Cervical Screening (Smear Test)

What is Cervical Screening (Smear Test)?

Introduction to Cervical Screening

Cervical screening, commonly referred to as a smear test, is a medical procedure aimed at detecting abnormal cells in the cervix. The primary objective of cervical screening is to identify and treat precancerous changes in the cervix before they have the chance to develop into cervical cancer. This process is crucial in reducing the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer among women.

Who Should Have Cervical Screening?

In the United Kingdom, cervical screening is offered to women and people with a cervix aged 25 to 64. The NHS sends invitations every three years to those aged 25 to 49 and every five years to those aged 50 to 64. It is important to attend these appointments, even if no symptoms are present, as regular screening can identify abnormal cells early on.

How is Cervical Screening Done?

During a cervical screening appointment, a small sample of cells is taken from the cervix using a soft brush. The procedure is typically quick, lasting only a few minutes, and while it may cause some discomfort, it should not be painful. The sample is then sent to a lab where it is tested for high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) that can cause cervical cell changes. If HPV is found, the sample is further examined for any abnormal cells.

Understanding the Results

The results of cervical screening can take a few weeks to come back. They usually fall into one of the following categories: normal, inadequate (meaning the sample was not clear enough to give a result), HPV negative, or HPV positive with or without abnormal cells. Depending on the outcome, further testing or a follow-up appointment may be required.

Importance of Regular Screening

Regular cervical screening is vital for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer. It is a preventative measure that saves lives by identifying changes before they become cancerous. It is recommended not to delay or skip screenings, even if previous results have been normal, to ensure continued health and well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is cervical screening?

Cervical screening, also known as a smear test, is a method of preventing cancer by detecting and treating early abnormalities in the cervix.

Why is cervical screening important?

Cervical screening is important because it helps detect abnormal cells in the cervix that could develop into cervical cancer if left untreated.

Who should have a cervical screening?

In the UK, women and people with a cervix aged 25 to 64 are invited for cervical screening.

How often should I have a cervical screening?

Women aged 25 to 49 are invited for screening every 3 years, and women aged 50 to 64 are invited every 5 years.

What happens during a cervical screening?

During a cervical screening, a small sample of cells is taken from the cervix using a soft brush. The sample is then tested for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) which can lead to changes in cervical cells.

Is a cervical screening painful?

A cervical screening may be uncomfortable but should not be painful. If you experience pain, inform the nurse performing the test.

How do I prepare for a cervical screening?

You don't need to do much to prepare, but it's advisable to avoid scheduling the screening during your period and to wear comfortable clothing.

What do I do if I haven’t been invited for a cervical screening?

If you're eligible and haven't received an invitation, contact your GP to schedule a cervical screening appointment.

What should I expect after a cervical screening?

After the screening, you might experience some light bleeding or spotting, which should stop within a few hours. Your results will be sent to you within 2 weeks.

What do the results of a cervical screening mean?

The results will indicate whether your sample is normal, inadequate, or if you have abnormal cells or high-risk HPV. Your healthcare provider will explain the next steps if your results are abnormal.

Can I still have a cervical screening if I’m pregnant?

Yes, but it might be postponed until 12 weeks after giving birth. Speak with your healthcare provider for guidance.

Does a cervical screening test for STIs?

No, a cervical screening is specifically for detecting abnormal cells in the cervix. Separate tests are required for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

What happens if abnormal cells are found during cervical screening?

If abnormal cells are found, you may need further tests like a colposcopy. If high-risk HPV is also present, you may require treatment to remove the abnormal cells.

Can I opt out of cervical screening?

Yes, you can opt out by informing your GP or practice nurse, but it is strongly recommended to participate in cervical screening when invited.

Is cervical screening available to transgender men?

Yes, cervical screening is available to transgender men and anyone with a cervix, and it is important for your health. Speak with your GP about your individual needs.

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