How long does jaundice typically last in newborns?

How Long Does Jaundice Typically Last in Newborns?

Jaundice is a common condition in newborns, characterised by the yellowing of the skin and eyes. This condition is primarily due to an excess of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. In newborns, the liver is often not mature enough to efficiently process bilirubin, resulting in its accumulation. While it can be concerning for parents, newborn jaundice is usually harmless and temporary, especially when properly monitored.

In the UK, about 60% of term infants and 80% of preterm infants develop jaundice to some degree within the first week of life. The timing and duration of jaundice can vary depending on several factors, including whether the baby was born full-term or prematurely.

For full-term infants, jaundice typically becomes noticeable two to three days after birth. It peaks around the fourth or fifth day and generally subsides within one to two weeks. In many cases, jaundice is mild and resolves on its own without intervention. However, if jaundice persists beyond two weeks, it is considered prolonged jaundice, and further evaluation may be necessary to rule out underlying health issues such as breast milk jaundice, an underactive thyroid gland, or a liver disorder.

Premature babies often experience jaundice differently. Because their livers are even less mature, premature infants might develop jaundice earlier and it might last longer, sometimes extending for over two to three weeks. Monitoring in these cases is essential, as higher levels of bilirubin may require treatment.

Treatment for jaundice in newborns is rare but may be necessary if bilirubin levels become too high. The most common treatment is phototherapy, where the baby is placed under a special type of blue light. This light changes the bilirubin into a form that can be more easily processed by the baby’s liver and excreted from their body. Decisions about treatment are often based on the baby’s age in hours, the level of bilirubin, and whether the infant is exhibiting signs of illness.

Parents and caregivers in the UK should keep an eye on their newborn's skin colour and consult a healthcare professional if jaundice appears to worsen or if there are other signs of illness. Clinics and hospitals in the UK are well-equipped to provide necessary tests and treatments to manage jaundice effectively. Typically, with appropriate monitoring and care, jaundice clears up without causing long-term health problems, allowing parents to focus on the joys of their new addition to the family.