Sickle cell anaemia | NHS

Sickle cell anaemia is a serious inherited blood disorder where the red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body, develop abnormally. The condition is particularly common in people with an African or Caribbean family background.

Sickle cell anaemia is caused by a faulty gene called the sickle cell gene. A person needs to inherit two copies of the sickle cell gene, one from each parent, to develop the condition.

The most common symptoms include painful episodes called sickle cell crises, increased risk of infections, and symptoms of anaemia such as tiredness and shortness of breath.

Sickle cell anaemia is usually diagnosed through a blood test. In the UK, all newborns are screened for the condition as part of the newborn bloodspot (heel prick) test.

Currently, the only cure for sickle cell anaemia is a stem cell or bone marrow transplant. However, this is only possible for a small number of affected individuals and carries significant risks.

Treatment mainly focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This includes regular pain relief, antibiotics, blood transfusions, and hydroxyurea medication to reduce the frequency of pain episodes.

Sickle cell crises are episodes of severe pain that occur when the sickle-shaped red blood cells block blood flow to certain parts of the body. These episodes can last from hours to days and require pain management.

With modern treatments and careful management, many people with sickle cell anaemia in the UK now live into their 40s, 50s, and beyond. However, the condition can still shorten life expectancy.

Possible complications include stroke, acute chest syndrome, organ damage, and infections. Regular medical check-ups are important to monitor and manage these risks.

Yes, people with sickle cell anaemia can travel, but they need to take precautions. These include staying hydrated, avoiding extreme temperatures, and ensuring access to medical care if needed.

Yes, sickle cell anaemia is an inherited condition. If both parents carry the sickle cell gene, there is a 25% chance with each pregnancy that the child will inherit the disorder.

Yes, there are several support groups and charities, such as the Sickle Cell Society, that offer information, support, and advocacy for people living with sickle cell anaemia.

Yes, sickle cell anaemia can pose risks during pregnancy, including increased chances of pain episodes, infections, and complications with the pregnancy itself. Women with the condition should receive specialist care.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important. This includes staying hydrated, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, avoiding stress and infections, and not smoking.

Research is ongoing to find better treatments and potential cures. This includes gene therapy, new medications, and improved methods for performing bone marrow transplants.