Common health questions about chickenpox | NHS

Common Health Questions About Chickenpox | NHS

What is Chickenpox?

Chickenpox, known medically as varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children but can occur at any age. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is characterized by a distinctive red, itchy rash that forms small, fluid-filled blisters. Although the illness is generally mild in children, it can be more severe in adults and those with weakened immune systems.

What are the Symptoms of Chickenpox?

The initial symptoms of chickenpox often include fever, fatigue, and a general feeling of being unwell (malaise). Following these early symptoms, the characteristic rash develops, typically starting on the face, chest, and back before spreading to other parts of the body. The rash progresses from red spots to itchy blisters that eventually burst and form crusts. The entire illness usually lasts around 5 to 10 days.

Is Chickenpox Dangerous?

For most healthy children, chickenpox is a mild illness that resolves without complications. However, certain groups, such as newborns, pregnant women, adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems, are at higher risk of developing severe complications. These can include bacterial infections of the skin, pneumonia, and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).

How is Chickenpox Spread?

Chickenpox spreads easily from person to person through direct contact with the rash or through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching one’s mouth or nose. People with chickenpox are contagious from about two days before the rash appears until all the blisters have crusted over.

How Can Chickenpox Be Prevented?

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent chickenpox. The NHS offers the chickenpox vaccine primarily to those who are in close contact with people at high risk of severe disease. Good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, also help reduce the spread of the virus. Additionally, people with chickenpox should stay home from school or work until they are no longer contagious.

How is Chickenpox Treated?

Treatment for chickenpox focuses on relieving symptoms. Over-the-counter medications, such as paracetamol, can reduce fever and pain. Avoid giving aspirin to children with chickenpox, as it can lead to a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome. Calamine lotion and antihistamines can help alleviate the itching. In severe cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed. It is also important to keep fingernails short to minimize skin damage from scratching and to keep the skin clean to prevent secondary infections.