Jaundice in babies

Understanding Jaundice in Babies

What is Jaundice?

Jaundice is a common condition in newborns which results in yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. This occurs due to high levels of bilirubin, a substance produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. In most infants, a mild form of jaundice occurs after birth and goes away within a week or two without causing any problems.

Causes of Jaundice in Babies

There are several causes of jaundice in babies. One of the most common is physiological jaundice, which is a normal response to the newborn’s liver maturation. Other causes can include breastfeeding jaundice, where inadequate milk intake causes dehydration and slower removal of bilirubin, and blood group incompatibility between the mother and the baby, leading to increased breakdown of red blood cells. Additionally, prematurity, infections, and genetic disorders of the liver can also result in jaundice.

Symptoms and Identification

The primary symptom of jaundice is a yellow tint to the baby’s skin and eyes. This usually starts from the face and then spreads downward to the chest, belly, legs, and finally, the soles of the feet. Other symptoms might include poor feeding, lethargy, and dark, yellow urine. If the yellowing progresses to deeper parts of the body or if other concerning symptoms are present, it's important to seek medical advice promptly.

Diagnosis and Treatment

In the UK, newborn jaundice is often checked before the baby leaves the hospital and again during the newborn midwife visits. Healthcare professionals will assess the baby’s bilirubin levels through a blood test or a non-invasive bilirubin meter. In most cases, jaundice disappears on its own. However, if bilirubin levels rise too high, treatment such as phototherapy (light treatment) might be needed. In severe cases, a blood transfusion might be required.

Prevention and Care

For parents in the United Kingdom, ensuring that the baby feeds well in the first days of life can help lower the risk of jaundice. Breastfeeding should occur 8-12 times a day; for formula-fed babies, feeds should be every 2-3 hours. Monitoring the baby for signs of jaundice and seeking medical advice if there are any concerns is crucial. Regular check-ups with a midwife or health visitor help ensure the baby’s health is monitored efficiently. Jaundice in babies is a common and usually manageable condition, but awareness and proper care are essential. Always consult with healthcare professionals if you have any concerns regarding your baby’s health.