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What Happens During a Colonoscopy? | NHS
Introduction to Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is primarily performed to investigate symptoms such as abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or changes in bowel habits. Additionally, it can be used as a screening test for colorectal cancer. The procedure is often carried out by a gastroenterologist, a doctor specializing in digestive system disorders.
Preparation for the Procedure
Before undergoing a colonoscopy, patients need to prepare their bowels. This typically involves following a clear liquid diet for 24 to 48 hours before the examination. Patients will be instructed to avoid solid foods and dairy products, and instead consume clear broths, gelatin, and clear juices. Additionally, a laxative or an enema may be prescribed to ensure the colon is entirely clean, providing a clear view during the procedure.
During the Colonoscopy
On the day of the colonoscopy, patients need to attend a hospital or clinic. After arriving, they'll be asked to change into a hospital gown. Sedation or a light anaesthetic is usually administered to ensure comfort throughout the procedure. The patient is then asked to lie on their side, and a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope is gently inserted into the rectum. The colonoscope is equipped with a tiny camera, providing live images viewed on a monitor by the doctor.
The Examination Process
As the colonoscope is advanced through the colon, air is gently pumped to expand the bowels, giving a better view of the colon's lining. The doctor will carefully inspect the entire colon, looking for abnormalities such as polyps, which may be removed for further examination (biopsy). The procedure typically lasts between 30 minutes to an hour, depending on what is found and if polyps are removed.
Post-Procedure and Recovery
After the colonoscopy, patients are monitored for a short period while the sedative wears off. Commonly, there might be some cramping or bloating due to the air introduced during the procedure, but this usually subsides quickly. Patients are advised to rest for the remainder of the day and avoid driving due to the sedative effects. It's crucial to follow any post-procedure instructions from the healthcare provider, including resuming a normal diet and any prescribed medications.
Results and Follow-Up
If polyps or abnormal tissues were removed, they would be sent to a lab for further analysis, with results typically available within a few days. The doctor will discuss the findings and any necessary follow-up treatments or surveillance. Regular screening through colonoscopy is essential, especially for those over 50 or with a family history of colorectal cancer.
Conclusion
A colonoscopy is a vital and effective procedure for diagnosing and screening various gastrointestinal conditions and colorectal cancer. Proper preparation and following medical advice can ensure a smooth experience and accurate results. With the NHS providing comprehensive care, patients in the United Kingdom can have confidence in undergoing a colonoscopy when recommended by their healthcare provider.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that examines the inside of your large bowel (colon) using a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope with a small camera at the end.
Why might I need a colonoscopy?
You might need a colonoscopy if you have symptoms such as abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, persistent diarrhoea, or changes in bowel habits. It can also be used to screen for bowel cancer.
How should I prepare for a colonoscopy?
You might be advised to follow a special diet, take a laxative to clear your bowel, and avoid eating solid foods for a day before the procedure. Specific preparation instructions will be provided by your healthcare provider.
What happens during the procedure?
During the procedure, you’ll lie on your side and a sedative may be given to help you relax. The colonoscope is gently inserted into your rectum and guided through your colon. Air is pumped in to expand the colon for better visibility.
How long does a colonoscopy take?
The procedure itself typically takes about 30 to 45 minutes, but you should plan to be at the hospital or clinic for around 2 to 3 hours for preparation and recovery.
Will I be awake during a colonoscopy?
You may be given a sedative to help you relax and minimize discomfort. While you may not be fully asleep, you likely won’t be fully aware or remember much of the procedure.
Is a colonoscopy painful?
A colonoscopy shouldn’t be painful due to the use of sedatives and pain relief. You might feel some discomfort, bloating, or cramping during and after the procedure.
What are the risks of a colonoscopy?
While generally safe, risks include bleeding, infection, and perforation of the bowel. Serious complications are rare.
What are polyps and can they be removed during a colonoscopy?
Polyps are small growths that can develop on the inner lining of the colon. They can be benign or cancerous. If polyps are found, they can often be removed during the procedure and sent for testing.
What should I expect after a colonoscopy?
You may experience some bloating and cramping after the procedure. Rest for the remainder of the day and avoid driving or operating machinery if you’ve had a sedative.
When will I get the results of my colonoscopy?
Initial findings may be discussed immediately after the procedure. Biopsy results, if taken, typically take a few days to a week to be ready.
Can I eat and drink normally after a colonoscopy?
Yes, you can generally eat and drink normally after the effects of the sedative have worn off, but it’s best to start with light meals.
How often should I get a colonoscopy?
The frequency depends on factors like age, family history, and medical conditions. Typically, routine screenings are recommended every 10 years starting at age 50, but your doctor may provide different guidelines.
Is it normal to feel tired after a colonoscopy?
Yes, feeling tired is normal, especially if you’ve been given a sedative. Plan to rest for the remainder of the day.
What happens if something abnormal is found during my colonoscopy?
If something abnormal is found, such as polyps or suspicious tissues, they may be removed or biopsied during the procedure. Further treatment will depend on the biopsy results.
Useful Links
Useful links from: What to expect at your colonoscopy
- NHS - Colonoscopy The NHS provides detailed information on what a colonoscopy involves, how to prepare, what happens during the procedure, and aftercare.
- Cancer Research UK - Colonoscopy Cancer Research UK's guide on colonoscopy, including why it is done, what happens during and after the procedure, and possible risks.
- Bowel Cancer UK - Colonoscopy Bowel Cancer UK's section on colonoscopy discusses the importance of the procedure in detecting bowel cancer, preparation tips, and what to expect.
- Macmillan Cancer Support - Colonoscopy Macmillan Cancer Support provides a comprehensive overview of colonoscopy, covering reasons for the test, the procedure itself, and recovery.
Useful links from: Having a colonoscopy in hospital - Patient Guide
- NHS - Colonoscopy This NHS page provides an overview of what a colonoscopy is, including why it's done, how to prepare for it, the procedure itself, and what to expect after the examination.
- NHS Inform - Colonoscopy NHS Inform gives comprehensive information about colonoscopies, including the purpose, preparation, procedure details, recovery, and potential risks and complications.
- Bowel Cancer UK - Colonoscopy Bowel Cancer UK offers a detailed guide on colonoscopies, focusing on their role in diagnosing bowel cancer, what to expect during and after the procedure, and tips for preparation.
- Cancer Research UK - Colonoscopy Cancer Research UK's page on colonoscopies explains how the test works, why it might be needed, how to prepare, and the risks and benefits of undergoing the procedure.
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