Endoscopy Procedures | Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure where a long, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is used to visualise the interior lining of the large intestine (colon and rectum). It helps doctors diagnose conditions like colorectal cancer, polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, etc.

You might need a colonoscopy to investigate symptoms such as abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, chronic diarrhoea or constipation, and to screen for colorectal cancer or assess abnormalities found in other tests like a CT scan.

Preparation involves following a special diet, typically low-residue or clear fluids, for a day or two before the procedure. You will also be given a bowel preparation solution to drink, which helps to clear out the bowel.

Some medications may need to be adjusted or stopped temporarily. It is essential to inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Follow your doctor's specific instructions.

The colonoscopy itself usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes. However, you should plan to be at the clinic or hospital for approximately 2 to 3 hours, to allow time for preparation, the procedure, and recovery.

Sedation is commonly used during a colonoscopy to help you relax and minimise discomfort. You may receive a sedative or painkiller through an IV line, and you might be awake but drowsy, or fully asleep during the procedure.

Most people experience minimal discomfort due to the sedation. You might feel some pressure or cramping, particularly when the scope is being manoeuvred or air is introduced into the colon to improve visibility.

After the procedure, you'll be monitored while the sedation wears off. You may experience bloating, gas, or mild cramping. It's essential to arrange for someone to drive you home, as you won't be able to drive for 24 hours.

A colonoscopy is generally safe, but it does carry risks like any medical procedure. Potential risks include bleeding, perforation of the colon, adverse reactions to sedatives, or infection.

You should avoid driving, operating heavy machinery, making important decisions, and drinking alcohol for at least 24 hours after the procedure. Also, follow your doctor’s advice on resuming your regular diet and activities.

Some results might be discussed immediately after the procedure if no biopsies were taken. However, if samples were collected, it may take a few days to a week for full results. Your doctor will inform you when and how you will receive the results.

If polyps or abnormal tissue are found, they can often be removed during the procedure and sent to a lab for further analysis. The removal and further examination help in identifying if they are benign or cancerous.

In most cases, you can return to your regular diet after the procedure, unless your doctor advises otherwise. Start with light, easy-to-digest foods, and drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.

The frequency depends on your individual risk factors and initial findings. Generally, screening starts at age 50 and is repeated every 10 years if no abnormalities are found. Those with higher risk factors may need more frequent examinations.

It's typically recommended to rest for the remainder of the day following a colonoscopy due to the effects of sedation. Most people can return to their regular activities, including work, the following day.