What causes chronic kidney disease?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys do not work as well as they should. It is a gradual loss of kidney function over time.

The main causes of CKD include high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and frequent use of over-the-counter painkillers.

High blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to filter waste from the blood effectively.

Diabetes can cause high blood sugar levels, which can damage the kidneys' filtering units over time, leading to CKD.

Yes, high cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis, which can reduce blood flow to the kidneys and impair their function, contributing to CKD.

Smoking can damage blood vessels and reduce blood flow to the kidneys, accelerating the progression of CKD.

Yes, obesity can contribute to conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes, which are major risk factors for CKD.

Frequent use of over-the-counter painkillers, particularly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can damage the kidneys and increase the risk of CKD.

In its early stages, CKD may not cause noticeable symptoms. As it progresses, symptoms can include fatigue, swollen ankles, shortness of breath, blood in urine, and frequent urination.

While CKD cannot always be prevented, managing risk factors like blood pressure, blood sugar, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk.

CKD is usually diagnosed through blood tests that measure creatinine levels, urine tests for protein, and imaging tests to assess kidney structure.

Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing progression, including medications for blood pressure and diabetes, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplant.

A healthy diet low in salt, protein, and processed foods can help manage blood pressure and blood sugar levels, reducing the burden on the kidneys.

Regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight, lower blood pressure, and improve overall health, all of which can reduce the risk of developing CKD.

Yes, there are several support groups and organisations for people with CKD in the UK, such as Kidney Care UK and the National Kidney Federation. They provide resources, support, and advocacy.