NHSGGC - What is Coeliac Disease?

What is Coeliac Disease?

Understanding Coeliac Disease

Coeliac disease is a lifelong autoimmune condition where the body's immune system reacts negatively to gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When individuals with coeliac disease consume gluten, their immune system attacks the small intestine's lining, leading to damage and an inability to properly absorb nutrients from food.

Symptoms of Coeliac Disease

Symptoms of coeliac disease can vary widely among individuals and can affect multiple systems in the body. Common symptoms include:

• Digestive issues such as diarrhoea, constipation, and bloating
• Fatigue and weakness
• Unintentional weight loss
• Anaemia
• Bone and joint pain
• Skin rashes, such as dermatitis herpetiformis

Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease

To diagnose coeliac disease, a combination of blood tests and a biopsy of the small intestine is typically used. Blood tests check for specific antibodies that are usually elevated in individuals with coeliac disease. If blood tests suggest coeliac disease, a biopsy is performed to confirm the diagnosis by examining the small intestine's tissue for damage caused by gluten consumption.

Treatment and Management

The primary treatment for coeliac disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. This diet helps to manage symptoms and prevent further damage to the small intestine. People with coeliac disease should avoid foods containing wheat, barley, rye, and derivatives of these grains. Many foods are naturally gluten-free, and there are many gluten-free alternatives available in supermarkets and restaurants.

Support and Resources

The NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHSGGC) offers various resources and support for individuals diagnosed with coeliac disease. Dietitians can provide guidance on maintaining a balanced and varied gluten-free diet. Additionally, there are support groups and charities such as Coeliac UK, which provide further information, advice, and community support.