Coeliac Disease: Session 1: What is Coeliac Disease?

What is Coeliac Disease?

Coeliac Disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the digestive system, primarily the small intestine. When people with this condition consume gluten—a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye—their immune system responds by attacking the lining of the small intestine. This can lead to a variety of health issues due to malabsorption of nutrients.

Symptoms of Coeliac Disease

The symptoms of Coeliac Disease vary widely among individuals and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain and bloating
• Chronic diarrhoea or constipation
• Fatigue and weakness
• Unexplained weight loss
• Anaemia due to iron deficiency
• Bone or joint pain
• Skin rashes, such as dermatitis herpetiformis

It's important to note that some people with Coeliac Disease may be asymptomatic, yet still at risk for long-term complications.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing Coeliac Disease typically involves a combination of blood tests and a biopsy of the small intestine. Blood tests look for specific antibodies that are usually elevated in individuals with the condition. If these tests are positive, a biopsy is often performed to confirm the diagnosis by examining the damage to the intestinal lining.

The only effective treatment for Coeliac Disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. This means avoiding all foods and drinks containing wheat, barley, and rye. Many naturally gluten-free foods, such as fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, and dairy, can be safely consumed. Additionally, many products in the UK are labelled as gluten-free, making it easier to manage the condition.

Living with Coeliac Disease in the UK

In the UK, awareness of Coeliac Disease is relatively high, and many resources are available for those living with the condition. The charity Coeliac UK offers support, information, and guidance, and there are numerous gluten-free products available in supermarkets. Moreover, an increasing number of restaurants provide gluten-free menu options, helping people with Coeliac Disease dine out safely.

Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers are crucial to monitor health and nutritional status, ensuring a high quality of life despite the dietary restrictions. With appropriate management, individuals with Coeliac Disease can lead healthy, active lives.