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Causes of Coeliac Disease
Genetic Factors
One of the primary causes of coeliac disease is genetic predisposition. Individuals with certain genetic markers, specifically the HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes, are more susceptible to developing the condition. These genes are involved in the immune system's response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats. Coeliac disease tends to run in families, so if a close relative has the condition, there is a higher likelihood that you might develop it too.Triggering Factors
Although having the genetic markers increases the risk, not everyone with these genes will develop coeliac disease. Various environmental factors can trigger the onset of the condition. For some individuals, experiencing a stressful event, such as surgery, pregnancy, childbirth, infection, or severe emotional distress, can prompt the immune system to start reacting abnormally to gluten.Infant Feeding Practices
How infants are introduced to gluten in their diet might influence their risk of developing coeliac disease. Research suggests that introducing gluten gradually and possibly while breastfeeding may offer some protective effect against the disease, though the exact relationship is still not fully understood. Early introduction or large amounts of gluten may increase the risk.Gut Health
The health of the gut microbiome, the community of microorganisms living in the digestive tract, might also play a role in the development of coeliac disease. An imbalance in these microorganisms, possibly caused by infections or antibiotic use, can affect how the immune system responds to gluten. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiome might therefore be another factor in managing the risk.Autoimmune Associations
Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder, meaning it occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. This condition is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease. If you have another autoimmune condition, your chances of developing coeliac disease are higher.Concluding Thoughts
While genetic factors play a crucial role in the development of coeliac disease, environmental triggers, infant feeding practices, gut health, and associations with other autoimmune diseases also significantly contribute. Understanding these causes can aid in early identification and management, particularly for those at higher risk due to family history or existing health conditions within the United Kingdom. Being informed guides better dietary choices and supports overall well-being for individuals potentially affected by coeliac disease.Frequently Asked Questions
What is coeliac disease?
Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
What causes coeliac disease?
The exact cause of coeliac disease is unknown, but it involves a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
How is coeliac disease diagnosed?
Coeliac disease is diagnosed through blood tests for specific antibodies and a follow-up small intestine biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
Is coeliac disease hereditary?
Yes, coeliac disease can run in families. If a close relative has the condition, your chances of having it increase.
Can coeliac disease develop at any age?
Yes, coeliac disease can develop at any age, from childhood through late adulthood.
What are the symptoms of coeliac disease?
Symptoms include diarrhoea, abdominal pain, bloating, fatigue, and nutrient deficiencies, although some people may be asymptomatic.
What is gluten?
Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
Can coeliac disease be cured?
There is no cure for coeliac disease, but it can be effectively managed with a strict gluten-free diet.
What foods must be avoided with coeliac disease?
Foods containing wheat, barley, rye, and their derivatives should be avoided. This includes most breads, pastas, and cereals.
Are oats safe for people with coeliac disease?
Pure, uncontaminated oats are generally safe, but some people with coeliac disease may still react to them.
What are common misconceptions about coeliac disease?
Common misconceptions include it being an allergy or a lifestyle choice, rather than an autoimmune disease. Another misconception is that only children are affected.
Can coeliac disease lead to other health issues?
Yes, if untreated, it can lead to complications like osteoporosis, anaemia, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
Is coeliac disease more common in certain populations?
Coeliac disease is more common in people of European descent, though it can affect individuals of any ethnicity.
What role do genetics play in coeliac disease?
Certain genes, particularly HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8, are associated with an increased risk of coeliac disease.
Is there ongoing research for coeliac disease?
Yes, researchers are actively studying coeliac disease to better understand its causes, improve diagnosis, and develop new treatments.
Useful Links
Useful Links : Causes of coeliac disease
Useful links from: Coeliac Disease Explained - Gluten Sensitivity - A to Z of the NHS - Dr Gill
- NHS - Coeliac Disease Comprehensive information from the NHS about coeliac disease, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and guidance on living with the condition.
- Coeliac UK The UK's leading charity for people with coeliac disease, providing support, resources, and advocacy for those affected by gluten-related disorders.
- NHS - Gluten Sensitivity Information from the NHS on gluten sensitivity, including symptoms, diagnosis, and management of non-coeliac gluten sensitivity.
- Guts UK A charity focusing on digestive health, offering information and support on various gut issues, including coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity.
Useful links from: Coeliac Disease: Session 1: What is Coeliac Disease?
- NHS - Coeliac disease Official NHS page on Coeliac disease, explaining what it is, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options available.
- Coeliac UK - What is Coeliac disease? Comprehensive information from Coeliac UK, a leading charity, on what Coeliac disease is, including symptoms, diagnosis, and managing the condition.
- Coeliac UK - Newly diagnosed Dedicated section by Coeliac UK for those newly diagnosed with Coeliac disease, offering guidance and support for understanding and managing the condition.
- NHS Inform - Coeliac disease A reliable resource from NHS Inform providing detailed information on Coeliac disease, including symptoms, diagnosis, and how to live with the disease.
Useful links from: Diagnosing Coeliac Disease Updated 2021
- NHS - Coeliac disease This NHS page provides comprehensive information about coeliac disease, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and living with the condition.
- Coeliac UK - Diagnosis Coeliac UK offers detailed guidance on how coeliac disease is diagnosed, including what to expect from a blood test and biopsy.
- NICE - Coeliac disease: recognition, assessment and management (NG20) The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline NG20 covers the recognition, assessment, and management of coeliac disease.
- Guts UK - Coeliac Disease Information Guts UK provides information on coeliac disease, its symptoms, how it is diagnosed, and the treatments available.
Useful links from: Living Well with Coeliac Disease
- NHS - Coeliac disease Overview of coeliac disease including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and living with the condition from the National Health Service (NHS).
- Coeliac UK - Living with Coeliac Disease Comprehensive resource on living with coeliac disease provided by Coeliac UK, the charity dedicated to supporting those with the condition and their families.
- NHS - Coeliac disease: Foods to avoid Advice on foods to avoid with coeliac disease and substitutes that are available, from the NHS.
- Coeliac UK - Gluten-Free Diet Information on maintaining a gluten-free diet and lifestyle from Coeliac UK, including guidance on food labeling and eating out.
Useful links from: Coeliac disease
- NHS - Coeliac Disease The NHS page on Coeliac Disease provides comprehensive information about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and living with the condition.
- Coeliac UK Coeliac UK is a charity that offers support, information, and resources for those affected by coeliac disease. Their website features guides on gluten-free living, research updates, and membership benefits.
- NHS - Gluten-Free Diet This NHS page provides detailed information about gluten-free diets, including tips for managing coeliac disease through dietary changes and ensuring nutritional balance.
- Gluten Free Food Trust The Gluten Free Food Trust is a UK-based charity dedicated to advocating for those with coeliac disease. They offer information on finding safe foods, navigating social situations, and the latest on gluten-free research.
Useful links from: NHSGGC - What is Coeliac Disease?
- NHS - Coeliac disease Comprehensive guide on coeliac disease provided by the NHS, covering symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and living with the condition.
- Coeliac UK - What is coeliac disease? Detailed information about coeliac disease from Coeliac UK, a leading charity for people with the condition. Includes resources for diagnosis, diet, and support.
- Gluten Free Society UK - Coeliac disease Resources and support provided by the Gluten Free Society UK, focusing on the causes, symptoms, and management of coeliac disease.
- British Dietetic Association - Coeliac disease Professional guidance from the British Dietetic Association on managing coeliac disease, including dietary advice and nutritional information.
Useful links from: Symptoms of coeliac disease
- NHS - Coeliac disease Comprehensive information from the NHS on coeliac disease, its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and management.
- Coeliac UK - Symptoms of coeliac disease Coeliac UK provides detailed insights into the various symptoms of coeliac disease, including digestive and non-digestive symptoms.
- NHS Inform - Coeliac Disease NHS Inform offers a thorough overview of coeliac disease, focusing on symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.
- Coeliac UK - Living with coeliac disease This page from Coeliac UK provides support and information for people living with coeliac disease, including dietary advice and symptom management.
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