Causes of coeliac disease

Causes of Coeliac Disease

Genetic Factors

One of the primary causes of coeliac disease is genetic predisposition. Individuals with certain genetic markers, specifically the HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes, are more susceptible to developing the condition. These genes are involved in the immune system's response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats. Coeliac disease tends to run in families, so if a close relative has the condition, there is a higher likelihood that you might develop it too.

Triggering Factors

Although having the genetic markers increases the risk, not everyone with these genes will develop coeliac disease. Various environmental factors can trigger the onset of the condition. For some individuals, experiencing a stressful event, such as surgery, pregnancy, childbirth, infection, or severe emotional distress, can prompt the immune system to start reacting abnormally to gluten.

Infant Feeding Practices

How infants are introduced to gluten in their diet might influence their risk of developing coeliac disease. Research suggests that introducing gluten gradually and possibly while breastfeeding may offer some protective effect against the disease, though the exact relationship is still not fully understood. Early introduction or large amounts of gluten may increase the risk.

Gut Health

The health of the gut microbiome, the community of microorganisms living in the digestive tract, might also play a role in the development of coeliac disease. An imbalance in these microorganisms, possibly caused by infections or antibiotic use, can affect how the immune system responds to gluten. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiome might therefore be another factor in managing the risk.

Autoimmune Associations

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder, meaning it occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. This condition is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease. If you have another autoimmune condition, your chances of developing coeliac disease are higher.

Concluding Thoughts

While genetic factors play a crucial role in the development of coeliac disease, environmental triggers, infant feeding practices, gut health, and associations with other autoimmune diseases also significantly contribute. Understanding these causes can aid in early identification and management, particularly for those at higher risk due to family history or existing health conditions within the United Kingdom. Being informed guides better dietary choices and supports overall well-being for individuals potentially affected by coeliac disease.