Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Introduction to IBS

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common condition affecting the digestive system, often causing discomfort and inconvenience. In the United Kingdom, it's estimated that between 10-20% of the population suffer from IBS. This condition manifests through a variety of symptoms that can vary greatly from one individual to another. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for better management and seeking appropriate treatment.

Abdominal Pain and Cramping

A prominent symptom of IBS is abdominal pain or cramping. This discomfort typically occurs in the lower abdomen and may be alleviated after a bowel movement. The pain is often linked to the gut’s irregular motility and the increased sensitivity of the intestines. The severity and duration of this pain can vary widely among sufferers.

Changes in Bowel Habits

Individuals with IBS frequently experience changes in their bowel habits. This may include diarrhoea, constipation, or alternating between the two. Diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) involves frequent loose stools, often accompanied by an urgent need to defecate. Constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C) involves infrequent, hard, or lumpy stools. Some patients may also experience a combination, known as mixed IBS (IBS-M).

Bloating and Swelling

Bloating is another common symptom of IBS, where the abdomen feels full and tight. This bloating can cause visible swelling and is often exacerbated by food intake. Individuals may find certain foods trigger bloating, making dietary adjustments a vital part of managing IBS.

Excess Gas

Increased production of gas or difficulty in passing gas can lead to excessive flatulence, another symptom of IBS. This can cause discomfort and social embarrassment. Gas buildup can contribute to bloating and abdominal pain, creating a cycle of discomfort for the sufferer.

Urgency and Incomplete Evacuation

People with IBS may feel an urgent need to move their bowels, which can sometimes come on very suddenly. Additionally, a sensation of incomplete evacuation, where it feels like the bowel movement is not fully finished, can be frustrating and uncomfortable. This can make sufferers feel the need to use the restroom frequently.

Management and Getting Help

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms consistently, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and management plan. Lifestyle changes including diet, stress management, and medication can significantly alleviate symptoms. The NHS provides various resources and support for those affected by IBS.

By recognising the symptoms and understanding the nature of IBS, individuals can take proactive steps towards managing this condition effectively.