What is eczema? General Information

What IS eczema?

Eczema, also known as dermatitis, is a group of skin conditions characterized by inflammation, redness, itching, and the development of rash-like symptoms. There are several types of eczema, with atopic dermatitis being the most common. Atopic dermatitis often begins in childhood and is associated with a personal or family history of allergic conditions such as asthma, hay fever, or eczema.

The exact cause of eczema is not well understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. Common symptoms include dry, sensitive skin, intense itching, and a red, inflamed rash. The rash can appear on various parts of the body, and its severity can vary from mild to severe.

Management of eczema involves avoiding triggers, maintaining good skin care practices, and using medications such as topical corticosteroids or immunomodulators to control inflammation and itching. In some cases, lifestyle changes and identifying and avoiding specific triggers can help manage and prevent flare-ups.

What causes or triggers Eczema?

• Genetics: One of the primary factors contributing to eczema is genetic predisposition. Individuals with a family history of eczema, hay fever, or asthma are more likely to develop the condition, suggesting a genetic link.
• Immune System Dysfunction: Eczema is linked to an overactive immune response. People with eczema tend to have immune systems that react strongly to irritants and allergens, leading to inflammation and skin reactions.
• Allergens: Exposure to allergens is a common trigger for eczema. Substances such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and mold can cause an allergic reaction, leading to eczema flare-ups.
• Irritants: Harsh chemicals and irritants found in certain soaps, detergents, shampoos, and household cleaners can aggravate eczema. Fragrances and dyes in these products may also contribute to skin irritation.
• Weather Conditions: Changes in weather can impact eczema symptoms. Cold, dry air can strip the skin of its natural moisture, while hot and humid weather can lead to excessive sweating, both of which can trigger flare-ups.
• Stress: Emotional stress is a well-known trigger for eczema. Stress can weaken the immune system and exacerbate inflammation, leading to more severe symptoms. Managing stress through relaxation techniques can help in controlling eczema.
• Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, especially during puberty and pregnancy, can influence eczema symptoms. Women may experience changes in their eczema during their menstrual cycle or while taking hormonal contraceptives.
• Food Allergies: Certain foods can trigger eczema in susceptible individuals. Common food allergens include dairy products, nuts, eggs, and wheat. Keeping a food diary can help identify specific triggers.
• Scratching: While not a direct cause, scratching can worsen eczema symptoms. It damages the skin barrier, making it more susceptible to irritants and infections. Breaking the "itch-scratch" cycle is crucial in managing eczema.
• Microbial Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can exacerbate eczema symptoms. Scratching can introduce bacteria into the skin, leading to infections that further irritate the affected areas.
• Contact Dermatitis: Direct skin contact with allergenic substances, such as nickel in jewelry, latex, or certain plants, can lead to contact dermatitis and trigger eczema in sensitive individuals.
• Wool and Synthetic Fabrics: Some individuals with eczema may be sensitive to fabrics like wool or synthetic materials. These materials can cause irritation and itching, worsening eczema symptoms.
• Hard Water: The use of hard water for bathing and washing can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to dryness and irritation, which can trigger eczema in susceptible individuals.
• Overuse of Topical Steroids: Prolonged and excessive use of topical steroids, which are commonly prescribed to manage eczema symptoms, can lead to a rebound effect and worsen the condition.
• Alcohol and Cigarette Smoke: Alcohol consumption and exposure to cigarette smoke have been associated with increased eczema severity. These substances can have inflammatory effects on the skin.

Understanding and managing these triggers is essential for individuals with eczema to effectively control their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Developing a personalized management plan in consultation with a healthcare professional is crucial for long-term eczema care.

Can eczema be cured?

Eczema is considered a chronic condition, meaning it often persists over time. While there is no cure for eczema, the condition can be managed effectively with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Many people with eczema experience periods of improvement and remission, but it may also flare up in response to triggers such as certain foods, environmental factors, stress, or irritants.

Treatment typically involves a combination of:

• Topical treatments: This includes the use of creams or ointments, such as corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms.
• Moisturizers: Keeping the skin well-hydrated helps prevent dryness and reduces the likelihood of flare-ups.
• Avoiding triggers: Identifying and avoiding specific triggers that worsen symptoms can be an essential part of managing eczema.
• Prescription medications: In some cases, doctors may prescribe oral medications or immunomodulators for more severe cases.

Research is ongoing, and new treatments are being developed. It's essential for individuals with eczema to work closely with healthcare professionals to find a personalized treatment plan that suits their specific needs.

Always consult with a healthcare provider for the most current and personalized information about the management of eczema.

What is Eczema?

Definition and Symptoms

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common inflammatory skin condition characterised by itchy, red, and inflamed patches on the skin. The severity of symptoms can vary, with some experiencing chronic and recurrent flare-ups. Symptoms may include dry skin, thickened patches, blisters, oozing, and intense itching that can sometimes lead to infection. Eczema can affect any part of the body but is commonly seen on the hands, face, neck, and the insides of the elbows and knees.

Causes and Triggers

The exact cause of eczema is not completely understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A defective skin barrier, which makes the skin more susceptible to irritants and allergens, is common in those with eczema. Various triggers can exacerbate the condition, including harsh soaps, detergents, allergens, stress, climate changes, and certain foods. Identifying and avoiding these triggers can help manage symptoms.

Treatments and Management

Though there is no cure for eczema, several treatments are available to manage and alleviate symptoms. Moisturisers and emollients are crucial for maintaining skin hydration and barrier function. Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors can reduce inflammation and itching. In severe cases, systemic treatments like oral corticosteroids or biologics may be prescribed. Lifestyle modifications, such as reducing stress, avoiding known triggers, and developing a regular skincare routine, are also beneficial.

Living with Eczema in the UK

In the UK, eczema affects about 1 in 5 children and 1 in 12 adults, making it a prevalent condition. The NHS provides various resources and treatments for those living with eczema. Support groups and charities like the National Eczema Society offer valuable information and assistance to individuals and families dealing with eczema. Understanding the condition and working closely with healthcare professionals can lead to effective management and an improved quality of life.