Think Pharmacy: Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, clear tissue that lies over the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelid.

Conjunctivitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, allergens, or irritants such as smoke, chlorine in swimming pools, or shampoos.

Symptoms of conjunctivitis include redness in the white of the eye or inner eyelid, increased amount of tears, thick yellow discharge that crusts over the eyelashes, especially after sleep, green or white discharge from the eye, itchy eyes, and burning eyes.

Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are highly contagious and can be spread through direct or indirect contact with the liquid that drains from the eye of someone who's infected. Allergic and irritant conjunctivitis are not contagious.

A healthcare professional can usually diagnose conjunctivitis by examining your eyes and assessing your symptoms. In some cases, they may take a sample of the discharge from your eye for further analysis.

The treatment for conjunctivitis depends on its cause. Bacterial conjunctivitis can be treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments. Viral conjunctivitis usually does not require treatment and will resolve on its own. Allergic conjunctivitis can be treated with antihistamine eye drops. Irritant conjunctivitis requires removing the irritant and possibly using lubricating eye drops.

The duration of conjunctivitis depends on its cause. Bacterial conjunctivitis typically lasts 1-2 weeks, viral conjunctivitis can last from a few days to up to 2 weeks, and allergic conjunctivitis will last as long as the allergen is present.

It's best to stay home if you have viral or bacterial conjunctivitis to avoid spreading the infection, particularly during the first 24 to 48 hours after treatment begins. Allergic and irritant conjunctivitis are not contagious, so you do not need to stay home.

Frequent hand washing, avoiding touching your eyes, not sharing towels or pillowcases, and using clean tissues to wipe your eyes can help prevent the spread. If you wear contact lenses, ensure they are clean and properly disinfected.

It's recommended to avoid wearing contact lenses until your conjunctivitis has completely resolved and you have been given the all-clear by your healthcare provider. Using contacts may prolong the infection or irritate your eyes further.

Yes, conjunctivitis is common in babies and children. They can develop bacterial, viral, or allergic conjunctivitis. It's important to consult a healthcare provider for appropriate treatment, especially for young children.

Applying a warm compress to the eyes can help alleviate discomfort. Over-the-counter lubricating eye drops can also provide relief. However, it’s best to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

You should see a doctor if you have moderate to severe pain in your eyes, blurred vision, intense redness, sensitivity to light, or symptoms that worsen or do not improve within a week. Infants with conjunctivitis should be seen by a doctor promptly.

Conjunctivitis rarely causes long-term damage if treated promptly and properly. However, in severe cases, it can lead to complications such as corneal infection, which may require further medical treatment.

Conjunctivitis can occur as an ocular symptom of COVID-19, although it is less common. If you have conjunctivitis symptoms along with other COVID-19 symptoms, you should get tested and follow guidelines from healthcare professionals.