What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Introduction to IBS

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine. It is characterized by a group of symptoms that typically occur together, including abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits such as diarrhoea or constipation. The condition can significantly impact the quality of life, but it does not cause permanent damage to the intestines nor does it lead to more serious diseases such as cancer.

Causes of IBS

While the exact cause of IBS remains unknown, it is believed to be a result of a combination of factors including genetics, gut-brain interaction, gut motility issues, hypersensitivity, and previous gut infections. Stress and diet can also play significant roles in triggering symptoms. There is also evidence suggesting that women are more likely to suffer from IBS than men, and symptoms often begin before the age of 50.

Symptoms

IBS symptoms can vary greatly from person to person and can fluctuate over time. Common symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Bloating and gas
• Diarrhoea or constipation - sometimes alternating between the two
• Mucus in the stool
• Chronic fatigue
• Nausea

Symptoms can be triggered or worsened by various factors, including certain foods, stress, and hormonal changes.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing IBS typically involves a comprehensive review of symptoms and medical history, along with physical examinations and tests to rule out other conditions. There is no specific test for IBS, but doctors may recommend blood tests, stool tests, or colonoscopy to exclude other causes for the symptoms.

Treatment and Management

There is no cure for IBS, but many people find relief through proper management of the condition. Treatment strategies often include dietary changes, such as following a low FODMAP diet, increasing fibre intake, and avoiding trigger foods. Medications such as antispasmodics, laxatives, or antidiarrhoeals may also be prescribed.

Living with IBS in the UK

In the UK, there are various resources available to help individuals manage IBS. The NHS provides guidelines and support services, and numerous support groups and organisations offer information and community support. Consulting with healthcare providers, including general practitioners and dietitians, can be crucial in managing symptoms effectively. By understanding IBS and following a tailored management plan, many people can successfully control their symptoms and improve their quality of life.