Having a child with Down's syndrome | NHS

Down's syndrome is a genetic condition that occurs when a person has an extra chromosome 21. This can cause a range of physical and intellectual disabilities.

In the UK, around 1 in every 1,000 babies is born with Down's syndrome.

Children with Down's syndrome often have distinct facial features, developmental delays, and may have various health issues such as heart defects or hearing problems.

There is no cure for Down's syndrome, but early intervention, education, and appropriate health care can improve the quality of life for those affected.

Down's syndrome can be diagnosed before birth through screening tests like the combined test (blood test and nuchal translucency scan) and diagnostic tests such as amniocentesis. After birth, it can be diagnosed with a blood test.

Support can include early intervention programmes, special education, physiotherapy, speech therapy, and various health services. Charities and support groups also offer resources and community.

Many children with Down's syndrome attend mainstream schools, often with additional support. The appropriateness of mainstream schooling depends on the child's individual needs.

Individuals with Down's syndrome are more prone to health issues like congenital heart defects, respiratory problems, thyroid conditions, and hearing or vision impairments.

Many individuals with Down's syndrome live semi-independent or independent lives, often with support for specific needs. Early education and life skills training can help them achieve greater independence.

Down's syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, which occurs due to a random genetic error during the formation of eggs or sperm.

Down's syndrome cannot be prevented. The occurrence is generally random, although the risk increases with maternal age.

It's important to approach the conversation with honesty and sensitivity. Use age-appropriate language and be ready to answer their questions. Support groups and healthcare professionals can offer guidance.

Many individuals with Down's syndrome gain employment in various fields. Vocational training and support from employment services can greatly assist in securing and maintaining a job.

Seeking support from family, friends, and support groups can be very beneficial. Professional counselling can also help manage stress and provide coping strategies.

In the UK, families may be eligible for various benefits such as Disability Living Allowance (DLA), Carer's Allowance, and support through their local council.