Exercises for sciatica: piriformis syndrome | NHS

Piriformis syndrome is a condition where the piriformis muscle, located in the buttock region, spasms and causes buttock pain. This can also irritate the nearby sciatic nerve and cause pain, numbness, and tingling along the back of the leg and into the foot.

Common symptoms include pain, tingling, or numbness in the buttocks. The pain can be severe and extend down the length of the sciatic nerve (called sciatica). Symptoms often worsen after sitting for long periods or activities that involve hip rotation.

Diagnosis is typically based on a patient’s history, symptoms, and a physical examination. Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans are occasionally used to rule out other conditions that cause similar symptoms.

Exercises that stretch and strengthen the piriformis muscle and surrounding muscles can help. This includes hip and buttock stretches, sciatic nerve stretches, and low-impact aerobic exercises.

Yes, physical therapy can be very effective in treating piriformis syndrome. It usually involves specific stretches, strengthening exercises, and techniques to improve flexibility and reduce pressure on the piriformis muscle.

Key stretches include the piriformis stretch, the supine piriformis stretch, and the seated piriformis stretch. These help to elongate the piriformis muscle and alleviate tension and pressure on the sciatic nerve.

Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding prolonged sitting, staying active with low-impact exercises, and properly warming up before physical activities can help manage symptoms and prevent irritation of the piriformis muscle.

Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain. In more severe cases, a doctor may prescribe stronger pain medications or corticosteroid injections.

Surgery is rarely needed and is usually considered only after conservative treatments have failed. Surgical options aim to relieve the pressure on the sciatic nerve by adjusting the piriformis muscle.

Risk factors include a sedentary lifestyle, prolonged sitting, overuse or injury to the piriformis muscle, and certain activities that require repetitive hip movements like running or climbing stairs.

While piriformis syndrome primarily causes buttock pain, it can also cause referred pain in the lower back if the sciatic nerve is affected.

Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. It can take several weeks to several months for symptoms to significantly improve with consistent treatment.

Yes, regular exercise is often recommended to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility. However, it’s important to avoid exercises that worsen symptoms and focus on low-impact and stretching exercises.

While it may not always be preventable, maintaining good posture, staying active, avoiding prolonged sitting, and performing regular stretching and strengthening exercises can help reduce the risk.

If you experience symptoms of piriformis syndrome, it's a good idea to consult a GP. They can help diagnose the condition and recommend appropriate treatment options, which might include referral to a physiotherapist.