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How to Tell if You Have Food Poisoning (Symptoms) | NHS
Introduction
Food poisoning is an illness caused by eating contaminated food. It's not usually serious and most people get better within a few days without requiring medical treatment. However, it's important to recognise the symptoms early so you can manage the condition effectively and avoid spreading it to others.Common Symptoms
Symptoms of food poisoning can vary depending on the source of contamination, but there are several common signs to look out for. These symptoms typically appear within a few hours or days after consuming the contaminated food.Stomach Cramps
One of the most telling signs of food poisoning is severe stomach cramps. These pains are often intense and can come and go or remain constant. The cramps are a result of the body's attempt to rid itself of harmful toxins.Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea is another frequent symptom of food poisoning, characterised by loose, watery stools. It’s the body’s way of expelling the toxins quickly. While unpleasant, it is crucial to stay hydrated, as diarrhoea can lead to dehydration.Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms that accompany food poisoning. These are your body's natural responses to ingesting harmful bacteria, viruses, or toxins. Frequent vomiting can also lead to dehydration, so it’s important to sip water.High Temperature and Chills
In some cases, food poisoning can cause a high temperature (fever) and chills. This occurs as your immune system fights off the infection. You may feel unusually cold and experience shivering.General Weakness and Fatigue
Feeling generally weak and fatigued is common when suffering from food poisoning. The body uses a significant amount of energy to combat the illness, leaving you drained and exhausted.When to See a Doctor
Most cases of food poisoning resolve on their own within a few days. However, you should seek medical advice if symptoms are severe or persist beyond a few days, if you suspect dehydration, or if you experience symptoms like hallucinations, confusion, fainting, or difficulty swallowing.Conclusion
Recognising the symptoms of food poisoning early can help you take appropriate action and prevent spreading the illness. While it’s usually not severe, understanding these signs can aid in managing your recovery and knowing when to seek professional medical advice.Frequently Asked Questions
What are the common symptoms of food poisoning?
Common symptoms include feeling sick (nausea), vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, a high temperature of 38C or above, and feeling generally unwell.
How soon after eating contaminated food can symptoms appear?
Symptoms can appear within a few hours to several days after consuming contaminated food.
How long do food poisoning symptoms typically last?
Symptoms usually last from a few hours to several days, depending on the cause and severity.
When should I seek medical help for food poisoning?
Seek medical help if you have severe symptoms such as uncontrolled vomiting, signs of dehydration, a high temperature, or if symptoms persist for more than a few days.
What should I do if I suspect I have food poisoning?
Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, get plenty of rest, and eat small, light meals if you feel able to.
Are certain foods more likely to cause food poisoning?
Yes, raw or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, unpasteurised milk, and contaminated water are common sources.
Can I continue to go to work or school if I have food poisoning?
It's best to stay home and rest until you feel better and have been symptom-free for at least 48 hours to prevent spreading the infection.
How can I prevent food poisoning?
Practice good hygiene, cook food thoroughly, avoid cross-contamination, and store food correctly.
Is food poisoning contagious?
Food poisoning itself isn’t contagious, but the bacteria or viruses that cause it can be spread, especially through poor hand hygiene.
What are the risk factors for food poisoning?
Risk factors include consuming improperly stored or cooked food, having a weakened immune system, or being in vulnerable groups such as the elderly, young children, or pregnant women.
Can antibiotics cure food poisoning?
Antibiotics are rarely needed and are only used for specific types of bacterial food poisoning. Consult a doctor before taking any medication.
Can food poisoning cause long-term health problems?
Most people recover fully, but severe cases can lead to long-term health issues like kidney problems or chronic arthritis.
What is the difference between food poisoning and stomach flu?
Food poisoning is caused by consuming contaminated food or drink, while stomach flu (gastroenteritis) is usually caused by a virus. Symptoms can be similar.
Can drinking alcohol kill the bacteria that cause food poisoning?
No, alcohol does not kill the bacteria that cause food poisoning and should not be used as a treatment.
Should I take over-the-counter medication for diarrhoea if I have food poisoning?
Over-the-counter medications for diarrhoea can be used, but it’s essential to stay hydrated. Consult a pharmacist or doctor if you're unsure.
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