What is norovirus? (Diarrhoea and vomiting bug) | NHS

What is Norovirus? (Diarrhoea and Vomiting Bug)

Introduction to Norovirus

Norovirus, commonly referred to as the "winter vomiting bug," is a highly contagious virus that causes gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It typically leads to sudden onset of severe vomiting and diarrhoea and is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in the United Kingdom. The infection is usually self-limiting, meaning it resolves without specific medical treatment, but it can lead to more severe illness in vulnerable populations like the elderly and young children.

Symptoms of Norovirus

The symptoms of norovirus usually develop 12 to 48 hours after exposure and can last for up to 3 days. Common symptoms include: - Nausea and vomiting - Watery diarrhoea - Stomach cramps - Low-grade fever - Muscle aches - Headache Due to its highly contagious nature, it can easily spread through contaminated food, water, surfaces, and close contact with infected individuals.

How Norovirus Spreads

Norovirus spreads easily and quickly, particularly in environments like hospitals, schools, and cruise ships. Key transmission methods include: - Consuming contaminated food or water - Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth - Close contact with infected individuals Due to its resilience, the virus can survive on surfaces for several days, making hygiene and cleanliness crucial in preventing its spread.

Preventing Norovirus Infection

Preventing norovirus involves maintaining good personal hygiene and practising proper food safety: - Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially after using the toilet and before eating or preparing food. - Regularly disinfect surfaces with appropriate cleaning solutions. - Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly. - Cook seafood and other foods thoroughly to ensure the virus is killed. - Stay home from work or school when you are sick and for at least 48 hours after symptoms have subsided.

Treatment for Norovirus

There is no specific medication for norovirus. Treatment primarily focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing dehydration: - Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. Oral rehydration salts can be particularly useful. - Get plenty of rest. - If symptoms are severe or persistent, seek medical attention.

When to Seek Medical Help

Although most people recover without complications, it is important to seek medical help if: - Symptoms persist for more than a few days - There are signs of severe dehydration such as dizziness, dry mouth, and reduced urine output - If you or someone you are caring for is very young, elderly, or has underlying health conditions Keeping informed about norovirus and practising good hygiene can significantly reduce the risk of an outbreak, helping to maintain better public health in communities across the United Kingdom.