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Nutrition for Pregnancy: What to Eat
Essential Nutrients
During pregnancy, a balanced diet enriched with essential nutrients is vital for the health of both the mother and the growing baby. Key nutrients include folic acid, iron, calcium, protein, and DHA (an omega-3 fatty acid). Folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube defects and can be found in leafy vegetables, fortified cereals, and supplements. Iron supports the baby's blood supply and can be sourced from lean meats, beans, and green vegetables. Calcium is necessary for the development of strong bones and teeth and can be obtained from dairy products, fortified plant-based milks, and leafy greens. Protein is crucial for fetal growth and is present in meat, fish, eggs, and legumes. DHA supports brain and eye development and is abundant in oily fish such as salmon and mackerel.
Balanced Diet
Maintaining a balanced diet means consuming a variety of foods from all food groups. Include whole grains like wholemeal bread, brown rice, and oats, which provide essential carbohydrates and fibre. Fresh fruits and vegetables should occupy a significant portion of daily meals, offering vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Healthy fats, found in nuts, seeds, and avocados, support overall health and development. Adequate fluid intake is also crucial; pregnant women should aim to drink about 1.6 liters (8 glasses) of water daily.
Foods to Avoid
Certain foods pose risks during pregnancy and should be avoided to ensure safety. Unpasteurised milk and cheese can contain harmful bacteria such as Listeria, which is dangerous for pregnant women. Raw or undercooked meats and eggs can carry salmonella and should be thoroughly cooked. Fish with high levels of mercury, such as swordfish and shark, should be avoided. Caffeine intake should be limited to 200mg per day, equivalent to about two cups of coffee, as excessive consumption is linked to an increased risk of miscarriage.
Supplements
While a healthy diet covers most nutritional needs, certain supplements are recommended by health professionals in the UK. Folic acid supplements of 400 micrograms are advised until the 12th week of pregnancy. Vitamin D, crucial for bone health, is recommended at 10 micrograms daily during pregnancy and breastfeeding periods. Iron supplements might be necessary if dietary intake is insufficient or if the expectant mother is diagnosed with anaemia. Always consult with a healthcare provider before beginning any supplement regimen.
Special Considerations
Pregnant women with specific dietary needs, such as vegetarians or those with food allergies, should pay extra attention to alternative sources of essential nutrients. For vegetarians, iron can be obtained from beans, lentils, and fortified cereals, while protein can be sourced from legumes, tofu, and dairy products. Those with lactose intolerance should opt for calcium-fortified plant milks and leafy greens. Seeking advice from a registered dietitian can help tailor a diet that meets all nutritional requirements without compromising health.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the essential nutrients I should focus on during pregnancy?
How much weight should I expect to gain during pregnancy?
Is it safe to eat fish during pregnancy?
Why is folic acid important during pregnancy?
Can I drink caffeine while pregnant?
Are there any foods I should avoid during pregnancy?
How important is hydration during pregnancy?
Can I continue to exercise during pregnancy?
Are cravings normal during pregnancy?
Should I take prenatal vitamins?
How much protein do I need during pregnancy?
Is it safe to eat deli meats during pregnancy?
Can I eat nuts during pregnancy?
How much calcium do I need during pregnancy?
Is it okay to eat spicy food during pregnancy?
Useful Links
Useful links from: How to apply for NHS funding to treat infertility
- NHS - Getting fertility treatment Detailed guide on how to access and apply for fertility treatment through the NHS, including eligibility criteria and different treatment options.
- NHS - Overview: NHS infertility and IVF treatment Provides an overview of infertility, available treatments, and how to proceed under the NHS system, including steps for diagnosis and referral.
- Fertility Network UK - Funding for Fertility Treatment Information from the Fertility Network UK charity about how to apply for NHS-funded fertility treatment, including advice on navigating the application process.
- Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) - Funding for treatment Details provided by the regulatory authority on funding options for fertility treatment, including NHS funding and how to find clinics that meet your needs.
Useful links from: Female infertility explained
- NHS - Female Infertility Comprehensive guide by the NHS explaining female infertility, including causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.
- Tommy's - Fertility Problems Information from Tommy's charity on various fertility problems, including female infertility, treatments, and support options.
- Fertility Network UK - Infertility in Women Fertility Network UK provides detailed information on infertility in women, its causes, how it's diagnosed, and possible treatments.
- NHS - Infertility Overview An overview by the NHS on infertility, discussing both male and female infertility, with links to deeper resources.
Useful links from: Fertility treatments on the up, but not via the NHS
- Fertility Network UK Fertility Network UK provides support and information for those experiencing fertility issues, offering guidance on both NHS and private treatment options.
- British Fertility Society The British Fertility Society offers valuable resources and information on fertility treatments, including the latest advancements and options outside the NHS.
- Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) The HFEA website provides comprehensive information on fertility treatments in the UK, including data on success rates and advice on choosing private fertility clinics.
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) NICE guidelines offer evidence-based recommendations on fertility treatments, covering both NHS and private options, to help individuals make informed decisions.
Useful links from: Gestational Diabetes during pregnancy
- NHS - Gestational diabetes Comprehensive guide from the NHS covering symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and management of gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
- Diabetes UK - Gestational diabetes Educational resources from Diabetes UK providing information on what gestational diabetes is, risks, and how to manage it during pregnancy.
- Tommy's - Gestational diabetes Support and information from Tommy's, a UK charity dedicated to pregnancy health, including managing gestational diabetes and tips for a healthy pregnancy.
- Gestational Diabetes UK A dedicated site by the charity Gestational Diabetes UK, offering support, meal plans, recipes and tips specifically for managing gestational diabetes.
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