Anaesthetic procedure for elective caesarean section (C section)

Anaesthetic Procedure for Elective Caesarean Section (C-Section)

Introduction to Elective Caesarean Section

An elective caesarean section is a planned surgical procedure to deliver a baby typically performed when vaginal delivery poses risks to the mother or baby. Ensuring adequate anaesthesia is crucial to keeping the mother comfortable and pain-free during the operation.

Types of Anaesthesia

There are primarily three types of anaesthesia used for a C-section: 1. **Spinal Anaesthesia**: This is the most commonly used technique for elective C-sections. It involves injecting a single dose of local anaesthetic into the fluid surrounding the spinal cord, providing numbness from the chest down. 2. **Epidural Anaesthesia**: Often used during labour and can continue through the C-section if required. It involves placing a catheter in the epidural space of the spine, allowing continuous delivery of anaesthetic. 3. **General Anaesthesia**: Reserved for emergency situations or if spinal/epidural anaesthesia is contraindicated. The patient is rendered unconscious during the procedure.

Preoperative Preparation

Before the procedure, the patient will undergo a thorough preoperative assessment. This includes reviewing medical history, current medications, and any potential anaesthetic allergies. Patients are advised to fast for at least six hours prior to the surgery to reduce the risk of aspiration during anaesthesia.

Administration of Anaesthesia

In the operating theatre, an anaesthetist will administer the chosen anaesthetic. For spinal or epidural anaesthesia, the patient will sit or lie on their side while the anaesthetist cleans the spine area and uses a sterile needle to inject the anaesthetic. Patients may experience a tingling sensation as the anaesthetic takes effect, leading to numbness.

Intraoperative Monitoring and Care

Once anaesthesia is administered, the anaesthetist will continuously monitor the patient's vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels, throughout the procedure. Additional medications can be administered if required, and patient comfort will be a priority.

Postoperative Care and Recovery

After the C-section, the anaesthetist will supervise the initial recovery period, managing pain with medications like NSAIDs or opioids as needed. Patients will be closely monitored for any adverse reactions to the anaesthetic, and support with pain management will continue in the postnatal ward.

Conclusion

Proper anaesthetic management for an elective caesarean section is vital to ensuring the safety and comfort of the mother. Spinal and epidural anaesthesia are preferred due to their effectiveness and minimal impact on the baby. With thorough preoperative assessment and careful monitoring, the anaesthetic procedure can significantly contribute to a positive birthing experience.