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Tennis Elbow: Understanding, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
What is Tennis Elbow?
Tennis elbow, or lateral epicondylitis, is a condition that causes pain around the outside of the elbow. Despite its name, you don’t have to play tennis to get it; it can occur from any repetitive activity that strains the forearm muscles. It is commonly seen in people aged between 30 and 50.
Causes of Tennis Elbow
Tennis elbow occurs when the tendons in your elbow are overworked, usually by repetitive motions of the wrist and arm. In the UK, it is prevalent among tradespeople, such as plumbers and painters, and athletes who engage in activities involving extensive gripping or lifting motions. Poor technique in these activities can exacerbate the condition.
Symptoms of Tennis Elbow
The primary symptom of tennis elbow is a pain on the outside of the elbow, which may also extend down towards the wrist. Other symptoms include:
- Weakness in the forearm
- Pain when lifting or bending the arm
- Difficulty in gripping objects
- Pain when twisting the forearm, such as turning a door handle
Diagnosis
A GP in the UK will usually diagnose tennis elbow based on your symptoms and medical history. Physical examination might include checking for pain around the elbow. In some cases, imaging tests such as X-rays or an MRI may be used to rule out other conditions.
Treatment and Management
Treatments for tennis elbow can vary. Initial recommendations often include rest and avoiding activities that exacerbate the pain, along with the use of ice packs to reduce inflammation. Over-the-counter pain relief such as NSAIDs may also help.
For those with persistent symptoms, a GP might recommend physical therapy, including exercises to strengthen the forearm muscles. Steroid injections can provide more immediate relief but are usually a last resort. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove the damaged part of the tendon.
Prevention
Preventing tennis elbow involves modifying activities to reduce strain on the tendons. For athletes and workers in the UK, appropriate techniques for lifting and gripping, taking regular breaks, and ergonomic adjustments can help. Additionally, exercises to improve the strength and flexibility of the forearm muscles can be beneficial.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is tennis elbow?
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a condition that causes pain around the outside of the elbow. It often occurs due to overuse of the muscles and tendons in your forearm.
What are the symptoms of tennis elbow?
The primary symptom is pain and tenderness on the outside of your elbow. This pain may extend to your forearm and wrist and can worsen with activities that involve lifting, gripping, or bending your arm.
What causes tennis elbow?
Tennis elbow is usually caused by repetitive stress and overuse of the forearm muscles and tendons. Common causes include playing tennis, racquet sports, repeated use of tools, and even activities like painting or typing.
How is tennis elbow diagnosed?
A doctor can usually diagnose tennis elbow based on a physical examination and a review of your medical history. In some cases, imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs may be used to rule out other conditions.
Is tennis elbow only a concern for tennis players?
No, tennis elbow can affect anyone who engages in activities that strain the forearm muscles and tendons. This includes athletes, manual labourers, and office workers.
What are the treatment options for tennis elbow?
Treatments may include rest, ice packs, pain relief medications, physical therapy, and in some persistent cases, steroid injections or surgery. It's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an appropriate treatment plan.
Can I continue to play sports if I have tennis elbow?
It's generally recommended to rest and avoid activities that aggravate your condition. Continuing to play sports without adequate rest may worsen the injury.
How long does it take to recover from tennis elbow?
Recovery time varies; mild cases may improve within a few weeks with proper rest and treatment, while more severe cases can take several months.
Can physiotherapy help with tennis elbow?
Yes, physiotherapy can be very effective. Strengthening and stretching exercises can help reduce symptoms and improve functionality. A physiotherapist can create a tailored exercise programme for you.
Are there any home treatments for tennis elbow?
Home treatments include rest, applying ice packs, over-the-counter pain relief medications, and gentle stretching exercises. It's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any home treatment.
What should I avoid if I have tennis elbow?
You should avoid repetitive activities that strain your forearm muscles and tendons, such as heavy lifting, gripping, or playing sports like tennis until your symptoms improve.
Is wearing a brace or strap helpful for tennis elbow?
A brace or strap may help alleviate symptoms by reducing strain on the affected tendons. It’s best to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure proper usage and fit.
Can tennis elbow lead to any complications?
If left untreated, tennis elbow can lead to chronic pain and diminished strength and flexibility in the arm. It's important to seek proper treatment to avoid these complications.
Is surgery necessary for tennis elbow?
Surgery is rarely needed and is typically considered only if other treatments have failed to relieve symptoms after several months. Most cases of tennis elbow can be managed with conservative treatments.
Can children get tennis elbow?
It's uncommon but possible for children to develop tennis elbow, particularly if they participate in activities that put repetitive strain on their forearm muscles and tendons.
Useful Links
Useful links from: Elbow
- NHS - Elbow Pain Information on symptoms, causes, treatments, and prevention of elbow pain from the National Health Service (NHS).
- Versus Arthritis - Elbow Pain Detailed information from Versus Arthritis on different types of elbow pain, including diagnoses and treatment options.
- British Elbow & Shoulder Society (BESS) A resource provided by the British Elbow & Shoulder Society for healthcare professionals and the public, with research and guidelines related to elbow and shoulder conditions.
- NHS Inform - Elbow Problems Comprehensive guide by NHS Inform on common elbow problems, their symptoms, and treatment options, focusing on various conditions such as arthritis and fractures.
Useful links from: Elbow Eccentric Strengthening Exercise
- NHS - Tennis Elbow Provides comprehensive information on Tennis Elbow, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options such as eccentric strengthening exercises.
- Versus Arthritis - Tennis Elbow Offers detailed guidance on managing and treating Tennis Elbow, including the role of eccentric strengthening exercises in rehabilitation.
- NHS Inform - Tennis Elbow Scottish NHS resource that provides information on Tennis Elbow, its causes, treatments, and specific exercises including eccentric strengthening methods.
- British Orthopaedic Association - Tennis Elbow The British Orthopaedic Association's resource page on Tennis Elbow includes insights on treatment protocols and the benefit of eccentric strengthening exercises.
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