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Symptoms of Flu (Influenza)
General Overview
The flu, or influenza, is a common viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system. Although it shares some symptoms with the common cold, influenza typically manifests more suddenly and can lead to severe health issues if left untreated. Awareness of the specific symptoms can help individuals in the United Kingdom manage and seek appropriate treatment for the flu season, generally lasting from late autumn to early spring.
High Fever
One of the hallmark symptoms of the flu is a high fever, often reaching up to 38°C (100.4°F) or higher. This fever may come on suddenly and be accompanied by chills and sweating. It’s important to monitor and manage fever, especially in children and the elderly, as prolonged high temperatures can lead to complications.
Body Aches and Fatigue
Severe muscle aches and joint pain are commonly reported symptoms. This can be felt throughout the body and is often accompanied by general fatigue that can be quite debilitating. Individuals experiencing these symptoms may find it difficult to perform day-to-day activities.
Respiratory Symptoms
The flu primarily targets the respiratory system, leading to symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and a runny or stuffy nose. Coughs related to influenza can be dry and persistent, potentially lasting for several weeks beyond the acute phase of the illness.
Headaches
Headaches can be a significant symptom of the flu, often presenting as a severe, throbbing pain. This is typically accompanied by other symptoms like sensitivity to light and sound, making it essential to rest in a calm, dark environment during severe episodes.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
While less common, some individuals may experience gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. These symptoms are more prevalent in children but can also affect adults. It's crucial to stay hydrated and consult a healthcare provider if these symptoms are severe.
Fatigue and Weakness
Experiencing significant fatigue and weakness is a common complaint among those infected with the flu. Unlike the common cold, where symptoms might be milder and resolve more quickly, the flu can lead to prolonged periods of feeling unwell, sometimes lasting two weeks or more.
When to Seek Medical Advice
It's vital to seek medical advice if you experience difficulty breathing, chest pain, sudden dizziness, or persistent vomiting. High-risk groups such as the elderly, young children, pregnant women, and individuals with chronic health conditions should consult a healthcare provider if flu symptoms arise. Flu vaccinations are also recommended to mitigate the risks associated with influenza.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the common symptoms of the flu?
Common symptoms of the flu include fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches, and fatigue.
How can I tell if I have the flu or just a common cold?
Flu symptoms tend to come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. Influenza often involves fever, chills, and body aches, which are less common in a cold.
Should I see a doctor if I think I have the flu?
Most people with the flu get better on their own. However, you should see a doctor if you are pregnant, have a chronic illness, or experience severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or persistent dizziness.
How long do flu symptoms usually last?
Flu symptoms typically last between 5 to 7 days, but fatigue and a lingering cough can sometimes persist for a couple of weeks.
Can the flu be treated with antibiotics?
No, antibiotics are not effective against the flu because it is caused by a virus, not bacteria. Antiviral medications may be prescribed if started early in the infection.
What over-the-counter medications can help alleviate flu symptoms?
You can take over-the-counter medications such as paracetamol or ibuprofen to reduce fever and pain. Decongestants and cough suppressants may also help relieve symptoms.
How can I prevent the spread of flu if I am infected?
To prevent spreading the flu, stay home, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing, wash your hands often, and avoid close contact with others.
Is it possible to get the flu more than once in a season?
Yes, different strains of the flu virus can circulate within a single season, so it is possible to get the flu more than once.
When is flu season in the United Kingdom?
Flu season in the UK typically runs from October to March, with a peak in cases usually observed between December and February.
What is the best way to protect myself from getting the flu?
The best way to protect yourself from the flu is to get the annual flu vaccine. Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick individuals, can also help.
Can I get the flu from the flu vaccine?
No, the flu vaccine cannot give you the flu. The injected vaccine contains inactivated virus, and the nasal spray contains weakened virus that does not cause illness.
What are the possible side effects of the flu vaccine?
Side effects of the flu vaccine are usually mild and can include soreness at the injection site, low-grade fever, and muscle aches. These typically resolve within a few days.
Are certain groups of people more at risk for severe flu complications?
Yes, people who are pregnant, elderly, young children, and those with chronic health conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease) are at higher risk for severe flu complications.
Can the flu lead to other health complications?
Yes, the flu can lead to complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, and worsening of existing health conditions like asthma or heart disease.
Is it necessary to rest if I have the flu?
Yes, rest is essential to help your body fight off the flu. Additionally, stay hydrated and avoid strenuous activities until you feel better.
Useful Links
Useful links from: Flu can be fatal
- NHS - Flu Comprehensive information on flu including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention provided by the UK's National Health Service.
- NHS - Flu vaccine Detailed guidance on the flu vaccine, who should get it, and why it's important to prevent serious flu-related complications.
- British Lung Foundation - Influenza Resources and support for individuals with lung conditions to understand the impacts of flu and how to stay protected, provided by the British Lung Foundation.
- Asthma UK - Flu (influenza) Advice for those with asthma on how to manage flu, potential complications, and the importance of vaccination, provided by Asthma UK.
Useful links from: Treating flu (influenza)
- NHS - Flu Treatment Official NHS page providing comprehensive information on symptoms, causes, treatments, and prevention of flu (influenza).
- NHS - How to Treat Flu NHS guide detailing practical advice on treating flu at home, including rest, hydration, and medication.
- British Lung Foundation - Understanding Flu Information from the British Lung Foundation on managing flu, particularly for individuals with pre-existing lung conditions.
- Patient.info - Flu Patient.info's comprehensive guide on flu, including symptoms, treatment options, and prevention tips.
Useful links from: What are the symptoms of flu ?
- NHS - Flu NHS page providing comprehensive information on flu symptoms, treatment, and prevention.
- British Lung Foundation - Flu British Lung Foundation resource offering guidance on flu symptoms, risks, and how to protect yourself.
- Asthma UK - Flu and Asthma Asthma UK resource discussing the symptoms of flu and its impact on people with asthma.
- NHS Inform - Flu Symptoms NHS Inform page detailing flu symptoms, including how to differentiate it from the common cold.
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