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Psoriasis | NHS
What is Psoriasis?
Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition causing red, flaky, crusty patches of skin covered with silvery scales. These patches typically appear on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back, but they can appear anywhere on the body. Psoriasis affects around 2% of people in the UK and can start at any age, but most often develops in adults under 35 years old. Unlike some skin conditions, psoriasis is not contagious, meaning it cannot be spread from person to person.
Causes of Psoriasis
The exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a problem with the immune system. The immune system starts attacking healthy skin cells by mistake, causing the rapid production of new skin cells. These new skin cells build up on the surface of the skin, forming the characteristic patches. Genetic factors are also believed to play a role, as psoriasis often runs in families. Certain triggers such as stress, skin injuries, infections, and certain medications can also exacerbate the condition.
Symptoms of Psoriasis
Common symptoms of psoriasis include patches of red, inflamed skin, and thick, silvery-white scales. These patches can be itchy or sore, and in severe cases, they can crack and bleed. Other symptoms may include dry, cracked skin that may bleed, thickened or ridged nails, and swollen and stiff joints. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may go through periods of flaring up and subsiding.
Treatment Options
While there's no cure for psoriasis, various treatments can help manage the symptoms. These include topical treatments such as corticosteroid creams, vitamin D analogues, and topical retinoids. Phototherapy, which involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light, may also be used. For more severe cases, systemic treatments like oral or injected medications that affect the entire body may be prescribed. These include biologics, which target specific parts of the immune system. It’s essential to work with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
Living with Psoriasis
Living with psoriasis can be challenging, but support is available. The NHS provides various resources for patients, including information on managing the condition and access to specialist care. Support groups and charities, such as Psoriasis Association, offer support and advice. Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy diet, reducing stress, and avoiding known triggers, can also help manage symptoms. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are crucial in monitoring the condition and adjusting treatments as needed.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is psoriasis?
Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes red, flaky, crusty patches of skin covered with silvery scales. These patches are usually found on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back, but they can appear anywhere on the body.
What are the symptoms of psoriasis?
Symptoms of psoriasis include red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery-white scales, dry and cracked skin that may bleed, itching, burning, or soreness, thickened or ridged nails, and swollen or stiff joints.
What causes psoriasis?
The exact cause of psoriasis is unknown, but it involves the immune system. It is thought to be an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks healthy skin cells by mistake. Genetics and environmental factors can also play a role.
Is psoriasis contagious?
No, psoriasis is not contagious. You cannot catch it from someone who has the condition or pass it on to others.
How is psoriasis diagnosed?
Psoriasis is usually diagnosed by a GP or dermatologist by examining the affected skin. In some cases, a small sample of skin (biopsy) may be taken to examine under a microscope to help confirm the diagnosis.
What treatments are available for psoriasis?
Treatment options for psoriasis include topical treatments such as corticosteroids and vitamin D analogues, phototherapy, systemic treatments, and biologic drugs. The treatment used depends on the severity and type of psoriasis.
Can lifestyle changes help manage psoriasis?
Yes, lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, managing stress, and following a balanced diet can help manage psoriasis and reduce flare-ups.
Can psoriasis affect other parts of the body?
Yes, psoriasis can affect other parts of the body, including the nails and joints, leading to conditions like nail psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
Is there a cure for psoriasis?
There is currently no cure for psoriasis, but there are many treatments available that can help manage the symptoms and keep the condition under control.
Can children get psoriasis?
Yes, children can get psoriasis. While it can develop at any age, it is less common in children compared to adults.
What triggers psoriasis flare-ups?
Common triggers for psoriasis flare-ups include stress, skin injuries, infections, certain medications, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and changes in weather.
Can diet affect psoriasis?
Diet can affect psoriasis. Maintaining a balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, and avoiding foods that may trigger inflammation, can help manage the symptoms of psoriasis.
How does phototherapy work for psoriasis?
Phototherapy for psoriasis involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light. This can reduce the rate of skin cell production and help improve the symptoms. It is usually administered in a controlled medical setting.
Are there any complications associated with psoriasis?
Complications of psoriasis can include psoriatic arthritis, increased risk of developing conditions such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and depression. Regular medical check-ups are important to monitor for these potential complications.
What should I do if I think I have psoriasis?
If you think you have psoriasis, you should see your GP for a diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the symptoms and prevent the condition from worsening.
Useful Links
Useful links from: Treating scalp psoriasis
- NHS - Psoriasis Official NHS page on psoriasis, covering symptoms, causes, and treatments including options for managing scalp psoriasis.
- Psoriasis Association - Scalp Psoriasis UK-based charity providing detailed information on scalp psoriasis, including treatment options, scalp care advice, and patient support.
- NHS - Psoriasis Treatment Detailed NHS page that focuses on the different treatments available for psoriasis, including topical treatments and therapies for scalp psoriasis.
- British Skin Foundation - Psoriasis UK charity dedicated to skin disease research and patient education, offering resources and advice on managing and treating scalp psoriasis.
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