What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in little or no insulin production.

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, where the body does not use insulin effectively.

The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to involve genetic factors, environmental triggers, and an autoimmune response.

Type 2 diabetes is often caused by a combination of genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of exercise, and excess weight.

Type 1 diabetes is most commonly diagnosed in children, teenagers, and young adults, though it can occur at any age.

Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults over the age of 45, but it is increasingly being diagnosed in younger individuals, including children, due to rising obesity rates.

Type 1 diabetes is managed with insulin therapy, which involves regular insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump, along with careful blood sugar monitoring and a healthy diet.

Type 2 diabetes can often be managed with lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, oral medications, and sometimes insulin therapy as the disease progresses.

In type 1 diabetes, the body produces little or no insulin due to the destruction of insulin-producing cells. Patients need insulin injections to control their blood sugar levels.

In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels. Some patients may eventually need insulin therapy.

Currently, there is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes can often be prevented or delayed through lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet.

Type 1 diabetes is typically diagnosed through blood tests that measure blood sugar levels, A1C, and the presence of autoantibodies.

Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed with blood tests that measure blood sugar levels, such as fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C, and oral glucose tolerance tests.

Complications from type 1 diabetes can include heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, eye damage, and other issues if blood sugar levels are not well-controlled.

Complications of type 2 diabetes include cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, retinopathy, kidney damage, and other health problems related to poor blood sugar control.

There is a genetic component to type 1 diabetes, although it is not directly inherited. A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the risk.

Type 2 diabetes has a stronger genetic link than type 1, and a family history of diabetes can increase the risk, along with lifestyle factors.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes often include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision.

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes can include increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores.