What is type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes is more commonly associated with lifestyle factors and typically occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin.

Common symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, unintended weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. If you experience these symptoms, you should consult a healthcare professional.

Type 1 diabetes is typically diagnosed through blood tests that measure blood sugar levels. Tests may include the fasting blood sugar test, HbA1c test, and sometimes an autoantibody test to confirm the diagnosis.

The exact cause of Type 1 diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is an autoimmune condition, meaning the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the pancreas.

Currently, there is no known way to prevent Type 1 diabetes. Research is ongoing to find ways to prevent or delay the onset of the disease.

Management of Type 1 diabetes involves regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, administering insulin through injections or an insulin pump, maintaining a balanced diet, and engaging in regular physical activity.

Complications can include cardiovascular disease, nerve damage (neuropathy), kidney damage (nephropathy), eye damage (retinopathy), and foot damage. Proper management can help reduce the risk of these complications.

Frequency of blood sugar checking can vary based on individual circumstances, but generally, it is recommended to check several times a day. Your healthcare team can provide specific guidance tailored to your needs.

A balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats is important. Counting carbohydrates and understanding how different foods affect blood sugar levels can help in managing the condition. Consulting with a dietitian may be beneficial.

There is a genetic component to Type 1 diabetes, which means it can run in families. However, having a family member with Type 1 diabetes does not guarantee that you will develop it.

Regular physical activity helps control blood sugar levels, improve cardiovascular health, and maintain a healthy weight. It is important to monitor blood sugar before, during, and after exercise to prevent hypoglycemia.

Yes, individuals with Type 1 diabetes can lead normal and fulfilling lives. With proper management and regular monitoring, they can engage in most activities just like anyone else.

An insulin pump is a small electronic device that delivers a continuous supply of insulin through a catheter placed under the skin. It helps maintain blood sugar levels by providing a steady stream of insulin throughout the day.

Research is ongoing, and there are advancements in treatments, including artificial pancreas systems, continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), and islet cell transplantation. Always consult your healthcare provider for the latest information and treatments available.