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What is Norovirus?
Introduction to Norovirus
Norovirus, often referred to as the "winter vomiting bug," is a highly contagious virus that causes gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach and intestines. This results in symptoms such as diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Although it can be uncomfortable and distressing, most people make a full recovery within a couple of days without requiring medical treatment.
How Norovirus Spreads
Norovirus spreads rapidly through direct contact with an infected person, consuming contaminated food or water, or touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus. It can survive on surfaces for days and is resistant to many common disinfectants. Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water is the most effective means of preventing its spread.
Symptoms of Norovirus
Symptoms of norovirus infection typically appear 12 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus and last for 1 to 3 days. The most common symptoms include:
- Sudden onset of nausea
- Forceful vomiting
- Watery diarrhoea
- Abdominal cramps
- Low-grade fever
- Muscle aches
Treatment and Prevention
There is no specific treatment for norovirus. The primary method of care is to rest and maintain hydration by drinking plenty of fluids to replace lost electrolytes. Oral rehydration solutions may also help. To prevent the spread of norovirus, the NHS recommends:
- Washing hands frequently with soap and water
- Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces thoroughly
- Washing fruits and vegetables before consumption
- Ensuring food is cooked properly
- Staying home when experiencing symptoms
When to Seek Medical Advice
In most cases, norovirus does not require professional medical treatment. However, you should seek medical advice if you or someone you're caring for experiences severe dehydration, symptoms persisting more than a few days, or if there are underlying health conditions that might complicate the illness.
For more detailed advice and support, visit the NHS Norovirus Page.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is norovirus?
Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes gastroenteritis, leading to symptoms such as diarrhoea and vomiting. It's also known as the 'winter vomiting bug.'
How is norovirus spread?
Norovirus is spread through close contact with infected individuals, consuming contaminated food or water, and touching contaminated surfaces then putting your hands in your mouth.
What are the symptoms of norovirus?
Symptoms of norovirus include sudden onset of nausea, projectile vomiting, and watery diarrhoea. Other symptoms can include a high temperature, abdominal pain, and aching limbs.
How long do norovirus symptoms last?
While symptoms can be severe, they typically last for 1 to 2 days. However, some people may feel weak and fatigued for a few days after the other symptoms have subsided.
Can norovirus be treated?
There's no specific treatment for norovirus. The aim is to stay hydrated and manage symptoms, as the illness usually resolves on its own. Drinking plenty of fluids is essential to avoid dehydration.
When should I see a doctor for norovirus?
You should seek medical advice if you have severe dehydration, if your symptoms last longer than a few days, or if you have a pre-existing health condition that could be exacerbated by norovirus.
How can I prevent the spread of norovirus?
To prevent the spread of norovirus, practice good hygiene such as washing hands thoroughly with soap and water, disinfecting contaminated surfaces, and avoiding the preparation of food for others while symptomatic.
Is norovirus dangerous for certain groups?
Norovirus can be more serious for young children, elderly individuals, and people with weakened immune systems, as they are at higher risk of dehydration.
Can one build immunity to norovirus?
It's possible to develop short-term immunity to norovirus, but this immunity is typically not long-lasting, and you can get norovirus multiple times because there are many different strains of the virus.
How soon can I return to work or school after having norovirus?
You should stay off work or school until at least 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped to prevent spreading the virus to others.
Can norovirus be spread through food?
Yes, norovirus can be spread through food, especially if it is prepared by someone who is infected or if the food is contaminated during growing, processing, or handling.
How contagious is norovirus?
Norovirus is highly contagious. It can spread quickly in places where people are in close contact, such as hospitals, nursing homes, schools, and cruise ships.
What should I do if I suspect a norovirus outbreak?
If you suspect a norovirus outbreak, report it to public health authorities, maintain strict hygiene practices, and follow guidance from health officials to prevent further spread.
Is there a vaccine for norovirus?
Currently, there is no vaccine available for norovirus. The best prevention methods involve practicing good hygiene and proper sanitation.
What should I eat and drink with norovirus?
Stay hydrated with plenty of fluids like water, oral rehydration solutions, or clear broths. When you can eat, opt for plain, easy-to-digest foods like toast, crackers, and rice.
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