An introduction to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (part 1/3)

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a group of disorders caused by progressive nerve cell loss in the brain's frontal lobes and temporal lobes, which can affect personality, behavior, language, and movement.

FTD differs from Alzheimer's disease mainly in the areas of the brain affected. While Alzheimer's typically affects memory and cognitive functions, FTD primarily impacts personality, behavior, and language skills.

The main types of FTD include behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and movement-related variants such as corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).

Early symptoms of FTD may include changes in personality and behavior, difficulties with language or speech, and, less commonly, movement problems.

Diagnosing FTD involves a combination of medical history, neurological examinations, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, brain imaging, and sometimes genetic testing.

Yes, some forms of FTD are hereditary, with about 30-50% of cases showing a family history of the disease. Specific genetic mutations have been linked to FTD.

FTD typically affects individuals between the ages of 45 and 65, although it can occur earlier or later.

There is currently no cure for FTD. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and providing support to improve quality of life.

Treatments for FTD may include medications to manage behavioral symptoms, speech therapy for language difficulties, physical therapy for movement issues, and various support services.

FTD can significantly impact daily life, affecting an individual's ability to communicate, manage personal and social interactions, and perform routine activities.

Support for people with FTD in the UK includes healthcare services, social care, voluntary organisations, and support groups. The NHS and charities like Rare Dementia Support and the Alzheimer's Society provide resources and assistance.

Caregivers can support someone with FTD by providing emotional support, helping with daily activities, coordinating medical care, and seeking respite services to relieve caregiver burden.

While lifestyle changes can't stop FTD, maintaining a healthy diet, staying physically active, and engaging in social and mental activities can help improve overall well-being.

Risk factors for FTD include a family history of the disease and certain genetic mutations. There are no known lifestyle or environmental risk factors conclusively linked to FTD.

FTD typically progresses over several years. Symptoms gradually worsen, affecting more cognitive and physical functions, ultimately leading to the need for full-time care.