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What to Expect from a DXA Scan
Introduction to DXA Scans
Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans are a non-invasive method to measure bone density and body composition. In the UK, DXA scans are commonly used to diagnose osteoporosis and assess fracture risk. By utilising low-dose X-rays, DXA scans provide detailed images of your bones, helping healthcare providers make informed decisions about your bone health.
Before the DXA Scan
Prior to your DXA scan, you may be asked to avoid taking calcium supplements for 24 hours. It’s important to wear loose, comfortable clothing without metal fastenings, as metal can interfere with the image quality. Inform your radiographer if you’ve recently had a barium exam or injection of contrast material for a CT scan or radioisotope scan, as these can affect DXA scan results.
During the Procedure
The DXA scan is a quick and painless procedure, usually lasting about 10-20 minutes. You will lie on your back on an open X-ray table while the scanner arm passes over your body. You will be asked to stay very still to ensure clear images are captured. The scanner measures the bone density of your spine, hip, or forearm – areas most prone to fractures.
After the DXA Scan
There is no special care required after a DXA scan. You can resume your normal activities immediately. The results of your scan will be analysed by a radiologist and shared with your GP or specialist. They will discuss the results with you and, if needed, formulate a plan to improve your bone health or manage conditions like osteoporosis.
Understanding Your Results
DXA scan results are reported as T-scores and Z-scores. The T-score compares your bone density with that of a healthy young adult of the same gender. A score of -1.0 or higher is considered normal. Scores between -1.0 and -2.5 indicate osteopenia (low bone mass) and scores below -2.5 signify osteoporosis. The Z-score compares your bone density with what is expected for someone of your age, gender, and size.
Conclusion
DXA scans play a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring bone health. In the UK, this simple, quick, and non-invasive scan helps identify risks and manage conditions effectively. By understanding what to expect, you can be well-prepared for your DXA scan and proactive in maintaining your bone health.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a DXA scan?
A DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) scan is a medical imaging test that measures bone density and body composition. It is commonly used to diagnose osteoporosis and assess an individual’s risk of fractures.
Who should get a DXA scan?
DXA scans are often recommended for postmenopausal women, men over the age of 50, and individuals with risk factors for osteoporosis, such as a family history of the condition, certain medications, or a history of fractures.
How do I prepare for a DXA scan?
You generally don’t need to do much to prepare for a DXA scan. Avoid taking calcium supplements for 24 hours before your scan. Wear loose, comfortable clothing without metal zippers or buttons, and inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant.
How long does a DXA scan take?
A DXA scan usually takes about 10 to 30 minutes to complete, depending on the areas of the body being examined.
Is a DXA scan painful?
No, a DXA scan is a non-invasive and painless procedure. You will be asked to lie still on a table while the machine scans your body.
Are there any risks associated with DXA scans?
DXA scans use very low levels of X-ray radiation, so the risk is minimal. However, it's always important to inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant.
What should I expect during the DXA scan?
During the scan, you will lie on your back on a padded table. An X-ray generator will pass over your body, and there will be a detector underneath the table. You will need to remain still and may be asked to hold your breath for a few seconds at times.
Can I eat or drink before a DXA scan?
Yes, you can eat and drink normally before a DXA scan. However, avoid taking calcium supplements for at least 24 hours prior.
What do the results of a DXA scan indicate?
The results of a DXA scan will indicate your bone mineral density (BMD) and compare it to that of a healthy young adult and to people of your own age. This comparison helps to determine if you have normal bone density, low bone density (osteopenia), or osteoporosis.
How often should I have a DXA scan?
The frequency of DXA scans depends on your individual risk factors and your healthcare provider's recommendations—typically every 1-2 years for those at high risk of osteoporosis.
Can children have DXA scans?
Yes, DXA scans can be performed on children, especially if there is a concern about bone health or metabolic disorders. However, the need for a scan should be determined by a paediatric specialist.
How much does a DXA scan cost in the UK?
The cost of a DXA scan can vary, but it is often covered by the NHS if medically necessary. Private DXA scans may range from £50 to £150 or more.
Where can I get a DXA scan in the UK?
DXA scans are available at many hospitals and clinics across the UK. Your GP can refer you to a local facility that performs the scan.
Will I receive the results immediately?
No, the results of the DXA scan will typically be reviewed by a radiologist first. Your healthcare provider will discuss the results with you during a follow-up appointment.
Can a DXA scan diagnose conditions other than osteoporosis?
While DXA scans are primarily used to diagnose osteoporosis, they can also help in evaluating other conditions that affect bone health and body composition, such as osteopenia and certain metabolic disorders.
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