Radiotherapy to the Head and Neck: A Guide for patients and their carers

Radiotherapy to the Head and Neck: A Guide for Patients and Their Carers

Understanding Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is a common treatment approach for cancers located in the head and neck regions. It uses high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells. In the United Kingdom, radiotherapy can be an effective part of a comprehensive cancer treatment plan, often combined with surgery and chemotherapy.

Preparing for Treatment

Before starting radiotherapy, you'll undergo a planning session called a simulation. This involves precise imaging scans such as CT or MRI to pinpoint the exact location and shape of the tumour. Customised masks may be created to keep your head and neck still during treatment, ensuring accuracy.

During Treatment

Radiotherapy is usually administered over several weeks, with sessions typically held five days a week. Each session lasts about 10-15 minutes, focusing radiation beams on the tumour while sparing surrounding healthy tissues as much as possible. Treatment itself is painless; however, you will need to stay very still.

Potential Side Effects

Common side effects of head and neck radiotherapy include:

• Skin irritation: Redness, soreness, and peeling.
• Mouth and throat soreness: Difficulty swallowing and dry mouth.
• Fatigue: Feeling more tired than usual.
• Changes in taste: Foods may taste different.

Most side effects are temporary and can be managed with the help of your healthcare team.

Supporting Loved Ones

As a carer, your role is crucial. Offer emotional support, help with transportation to and from treatment sessions, and assist with daily activities if side effects become challenging. Communicate closely with healthcare providers to stay informed about treatment progress and management of side effects.

After Treatment

Post-treatment, follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor your recovery and address any lingering side effects. Maintaining a nutritious diet, staying hydrated, and regularly visiting your dentist are critical for recovery. Support groups and counselling services are available to help cope with the emotional impact of cancer treatment.

Contact Information

For more information, reach out to your local GP, oncology clinic, or specialised cancer support organisations such as Macmillan Cancer Support in the UK. They offer comprehensive resources and assistance for patients and carers navigating the radiotherapy journey.