Heavy periods (heavy menstrual bleeding)

Heavy periods, also known as menorrhagia, refer to excessive menstrual bleeding that can interfere with daily life. This can include passing large blood clots or bleeding for more than 7 days.

Symptoms of heavy menstrual bleeding include soaking through one or more sanitary pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours, needing to use double sanitary protection, waking up to change sanitary protection during the night, and passing blood clots larger than a 10p coin.

Causes can include hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, polyps, adenomyosis, non-hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs), and medical conditions such as thyroid problems, blood clotting disorders, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Sometimes, the cause is unknown.

You should see a doctor if you experience heavy periods that interfere with your daily life, cause severe pain, lead you to avoid everyday activities, or if you have concerns about the amount or duration of your bleeding.

Diagnosis usually involves a medical history review, a physical examination, and possibly some tests such as blood tests, pelvic ultrasound, endometrial biopsy, or hysteroscopy.

Yes, maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet may help manage symptoms. Keeping a menstrual diary can also be useful in tracking changes and managing symptoms.

Medical treatments include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, tranexamic acid, hormonal treatments such as the combined oral contraceptive pill or progestin therapy, and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS).

Yes, surgical options may include endometrial ablation, uterine artery embolization, myomectomy, and in severe cases, hysterectomy.

It can, especially if it's caused by conditions such as fibroids or polyps. Treating the underlying condition can often improve fertility.

Yes, heavy menstrual bleeding is a common condition affecting about 1 in 5 women in the UK.

Maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, managing stress, and avoiding smoking can help manage symptoms. Keeping a menstrual diary to track the patterns and severity of your bleeding can also be beneficial.

Yes, heavy periods can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, which can cause fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. It’s important to see a doctor if you suspect you have anemia.

Yes, menstrual cups can be used safely with heavy periods. They can hold more fluid than tampons and may need to be emptied more frequently.

Stress can potentially affect menstrual cycles, leading to changes in bleeding patterns, but it’s not typically a direct cause of heavy menstrual bleeding. However, managing stress through lifestyle changes and relaxation techniques can be beneficial.

A balanced diet rich in iron can help manage symptoms of heavy menstrual bleeding and prevent anemia. Some find that reducing caffeine and sugar intake can also help in managing symptoms.