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Finding out about Fibroids: Information for Patients in the United Kingdom
What Are Fibroids?
Fibroids, also known as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. They vary in size, shape, and location, ranging from small, undetectable masses to large formations that can distort the shape of the uterus. While the exact cause of fibroids isn't known, hormonal and genetic factors are believed to play a significant role.Symptoms
Many women with fibroids do not experience any symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, pelvic pain, frequent urination, constipation, and pain during intercourse. The severity of symptoms depends on the size, number, and location of the fibroids.Diagnosis
Fibroids are often discovered during a pelvic examination or prenatal ultrasound. In addition to a physical exam, your GP may recommend imaging tests such as an ultrasound or MRI to get a clearer picture of the fibroids' size and location. In some cases, a hysteroscopy or laparoscopy may be performed to provide more information.Treatment Options
Treatment for fibroids depends on the severity of your symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and your plans for future pregnancies. Common treatments include: - **Medication:** Drugs like Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists can shrink fibroids temporarily and reduce symptoms like heavy bleeding. - **Non-invasive Procedures:** MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) uses high-frequency sound waves to destroy fibroid tissue. - **Minimally Invasive Procedures:** These include uterine artery embolization (UAE) and myomectomy, which remove fibroids while preserving the uterus. - **Surgery:** A hysterectomy, or the removal of the uterus, is a permanent solution but is usually considered a last resort.Living with Fibroids
While fibroids can be a source of discomfort, many women manage their symptoms successfully with the help of their healthcare providers. Lifestyle modifications, including maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and regular exercise, can also help manage symptoms. Regular check-ups with your GP are crucial for monitoring your condition and adjusting treatment as needed.Support Resources
There are numerous resources available in the UK for women dealing with fibroids. The NHS website offers comprehensive information and guidance, and organisations like The British Fibroid Trust provide support and advocacy. Speaking with a healthcare provider can also help address any concerns and provide personalised care.Frequently Asked Questions
What are fibroids?
Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the womb (uterus). They are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue and vary in size.
What are the symptoms of fibroids?
Symptoms of fibroids can include heavy periods, abdominal pain, frequent urination, constipation, backache, and in some cases, fertility issues.
Who is at risk of developing fibroids?
Fibroids are most common in women aged 30-50 and are more prevalent in women of African-Caribbean origin. Having a family history of fibroids and being overweight also increase the risk.
How are fibroids diagnosed?
Fibroids are usually diagnosed through pelvic examinations, ultrasounds, and in some cases, MRI scans or hysteroscopy.
Can fibroids affect my fertility?
Fibroids can sometimes cause fertility problems depending on their size and location, but many women with fibroids can still conceive and have a healthy pregnancy.
What treatment options are available for fibroids?
Treatment options range from watchful waiting for smaller, asymptomatic fibroids to medications, non-invasive procedures like uterine artery embolisation (UAE), and surgical options such as myomectomy or hysterectomy.
What is uterine artery embolisation (UAE)?
UAE is a non-surgical procedure where the blood supply to the fibroids is blocked, causing them to shrink.
Are there any lifestyle changes I can make to manage fibroids?
Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet may help manage symptoms. Reducing stress and avoiding substances like alcohol and caffeine can also be beneficial.
Can fibroids turn into cancer?
Fibroids are almost always benign (non-cancerous), and it is very rare for them to turn into cancer, known as leiomyosarcoma.
What are submucosal fibroids?
Submucosal fibroids grow into the inner cavity of the womb. They are less common but more likely to cause heavy menstrual bleeding and fertility issues.
Can fibroids cause pain during sex?
Yes, fibroids can cause pain or discomfort during sex, especially if they are large or located near the cervix.
Are there any medications to treat fibroids?
Medications like Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, anti-inflammatory drugs, and oral contraceptives can help manage symptoms but do not eliminate fibroids.
How does a hysterectomy treat fibroids?
A hysterectomy, which is the surgical removal of the womb, is a permanent solution for fibroids in women who do not wish to have children in the future.
How often should I have check-ups if I have fibroids?
Regular check-ups are recommended to monitor the growth and symptoms of fibroids. Your healthcare provider will advise you on the frequency based on your individual situation.
Can fibroids recur after treatment?
Yes, fibroids can recur after treatment, especially if a non-surgical option was chosen. Regular monitoring and follow-up with your healthcare provider can help manage this.
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