Female Genital Mutilation: The Facts | NHS

Female Genital Mutilation: The Facts | NHS

Introduction to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a harmful cultural practice involving the partial or total removal of external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It has severe consequences on the health and well-being of girls and women, both physically and emotionally. Recognized internationally as a violation of human rights, FGM is illegal in the United Kingdom under the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003.

Types of FGM

FGM is categorized into four main types:

• Type 1 (Clitoridectomy): Partial or total removal of the clitoris.
• Type 2 (Excision): Removal of the clitoris and the labia minora.
• Type 3 (Infibulation): Narrowing of the vaginal opening by creating a seal, with or without removal of the clitoris.
• Type 4: All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes (e.g., pricking, piercing).

Health Risks and Consequences

FGM carries numerous health risks, including severe pain, infections, prolonged bleeding, childbirth complications, and fatal consequences. Long-term effects can include chronic pain, menstrual problems, sexual difficulties, and psychological trauma. The practice undermines the basic rights of girls and women to health, security, and physical integrity.

Legal Framework and Support in the UK

The UK has stringent laws against FGM, making it illegal to perform FGM domestically or abroad on UK nationals and permanent residents. Healthcare professionals, educators, and social workers are obligated to report known cases of FGM in girls under 18. If you are concerned or suspect someone may be at risk, you can reach out to the NHS FGM Helpline or visit the NHS website for more information.

Support Services and Resources

The NHS offers specialized services and support for those affected by FGM. This includes medical treatment, psychological support, and safeguarding services. Individuals can access help confidentially and are encouraged to seek support without fear of legal repercussions. Additionally, numerous organizations and charities across the UK are dedicated to raising awareness and supporting survivors of FGM.

Conclusion

FGM is a grave human rights violation with lifelong consequences. It is crucial to be informed and vigilant in efforts to eradicate this practice. Support, treatment, and preventive resources are available through the NHS and other organizations, ensuring that survivors and those at risk receive the necessary help and protection.