Female infertility explained

Female infertility refers to a condition where a woman is unable to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse, or six months if the woman is over 35. It can also include the inability to carry a pregnancy to term.

Common causes include ovulatory disorders, fallopian tube damage or blockages, endometriosis, uterine abnormalities, and age-related factors. Lifestyle factors such as stress, diet, and smoking can also contribute.

Diagnosis may involve a review of medical history, a physical examination, blood tests to check hormone levels, ultrasound scans, and other procedures such as hysterosalpingography (HSG) to examine the fallopian tubes and uterus.

Yes, factors like maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake, and reducing stress can positively impact fertility.

Treatments vary depending on the cause and can include medication to stimulate ovulation, surgical procedures to correct anatomical issues, and assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation).

IVF stands for In Vitro Fertilisation. It involves retrieving eggs from the ovaries, fertilising them with sperm in a lab, and then transferring the resulting embryo(s) to the uterus.

Yes, fertility typically declines with age, especially after 35. This is due to a decrease in the quantity and quality of eggs.

IVF success rates vary based on a woman's age and other factors. In the UK, the average success rate ranges from 29% for women under 35 to 2% for women over 44.

Prolonged stress can negatively affect fertility by impacting hormone levels and ovulation. However, stress is rarely the sole cause of infertility.

No, infertility can be due to male or female factors. In about one-third of cases, it is due to female factors; one-third due to male factors; and the remaining third is a combination of both or unexplained.

Hormones regulate the menstrual cycle and ovulation. Imbalances in hormones such as FSH, LH, oestrogen, and progesterone can affect fertility.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition characterised by irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries. It often leads to ovulatory dysfunction, impacting fertility.

It's recommended to see a specialist if a woman under 35 has been trying to conceive for a year without success, or after six months if she is over 35. Also, if there are known medical issues that may impact fertility.

Some natural approaches include dietary supplements, acupuncture, herbal treatments, and lifestyle modifications. However, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any natural treatments.

Yes, endometriosis can cause infertility by creating scar tissue and adhesions that may obstruct the fallopian tubes, interfere with egg release, and affect implantation.