Skin Cancer - How do I check if my mole is skin cancer? | NHS

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells. It usually develops on skin exposed to the sun but can also occur in areas that are not typically exposed, such as the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or genitals. There are three main types of skin cancer:

1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): This is the most common type of skin cancer. It usually appears as a small, shiny bump or a red, scaly patch on the skin. BCC rarely spreads beyond the original tumor site but can cause significant damage if not treated promptly.
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): SCC is the second most common type of skin cancer. It often looks like a firm, red nodule or a scaly, crusty sore. SCC can metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body if left untreated, although this is less common than with melanoma.
3. Melanoma: Melanoma is less common than basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, but it is more dangerous because of its ability to spread rapidly to other parts of the body. Melanoma usually appears as a new mole or a change in an existing mole. It can vary greatly in appearance but is often characterized by irregular borders, uneven coloration, and a larger diameter than typical moles.

Risk factors for developing skin cancer include prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, a history of sunburns, fair skin, a weakened immune system, and a family history of skin cancer.

Early detection and treatment are crucial for successful outcomes in skin cancer. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy. Additionally, practicing sun safety measures such as wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding excessive sun exposure can help reduce the risk of developing skin cancer. Regular skin examinations by a healthcare professional are also recommended, especially for individuals with a higher risk of skin cancer.