Autism: Graeme's story | NHS

Autism is a developmental condition that affects how a person communicates and relates to others, as well as how they experience the world around them.

Autism is usually diagnosed through a series of assessments and observations by healthcare professionals, including psychologists and pediatricians. These assessments focus on communication, behavior, and social interactions.

Common signs of autism include challenges with social interactions, difficulties in communication, repetitive behaviors, and a strong preference for routines and specific interests.

While signs of autism can be seen as early as 18 months, a reliable diagnosis is often made when the child is 2 to 3 years old. In some cases, autism may not be diagnosed until later in childhood or even adulthood.

Individuals with autism might have delayed speech development, struggle with understanding non-verbal cues, or use language in unusual ways. They may also find it difficult to initiate or maintain conversations.

There is no cure for autism, but various therapies and interventions can help manage symptoms and support individuals in reaching their full potential.

Therapies for autism can include speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, behavioral therapy, and social skills training, among others. The choice of therapy often depends on the individual's specific needs.

Many children with autism attend mainstream schools, often with additional support. Some may benefit from special education settings where they can receive more tailored interventions.

Families can support their loved ones with autism by learning about the condition, advocating for appropriate services, creating structured routines, and providing a supportive and understanding environment.

Early intervention can have a significant positive impact on the development of children with autism. It can help improve communication skills, reduce challenging behaviors, and enhance social interactions.

Many people with autism can live independently, though the level of independence can vary. Some may need ongoing support, while others can manage on their own with minimal assistance.

The exact cause of autism is not known, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Research is ongoing to better understand the causes of autism.

Individuals with autism often experience sensory processing differences. They may be overly sensitive or under-sensitive to sensory input, such as sounds, lights, textures, and smells.

Yes, adults can be diagnosed with autism. Some individuals may not be diagnosed until later in life when they seek help for related issues or become aware of their differences in social and communication skills.

Routine is important for many individuals with autism because it provides predictability and structure, which can help reduce anxiety and improve their ability to function and learn.