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Understanding Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
What is Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)?
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) involves the partial or total removal of external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. FGM is recognized internationally as a human rights violation and is illegal in the United Kingdom.
Health Implications of FGM
FGM can cause severe immediate health risks such as intense pain, bleeding, infections, and problems with urination. Long-term consequences may include chronic pain, complications during childbirth, increased risk of newborn deaths, and lasting psychological trauma.
Legal Framework in the UK
In the UK, performing or aiding FGM is a crime under the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003. It is also illegal to take a girl abroad for FGM. Offenders can face up to 14 years in prison. The Child Protection Act ensures that professionals must report cases of FGM to authorities.
Support and Resources
If you or someone you know is at risk of or has been subjected to FGM, it is crucial to seek help. The NHS provides support and necessary care for affected individuals, including medical, psychological, and legal assistance. Confidential advice and support can be accessed through the NHS non-emergency line (111) or local healthcare providers.
Community Education and Prevention
Education and awareness are vital in preventing FGM. Engaging communities, educating healthcare professionals, and promoting women's rights are key strategies in stopping this harmful practice. Community support networks and educational programs are instrumental in changing societal attitudes and protecting at-risk individuals.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is female genital mutilation (FGM)?
FGM refers to procedures that intentionally alter or injure female genital organs for non-medical reasons. It is often carried out on young girls between infancy and age 15.
Is FGM legal in the UK?
No, FGM is illegal in the UK. It is a serious crime with severe penalties including up to 14 years in prison.
What are the types of FGM?
FGM is classified into four major types: clitoridectomy, excision, infibulation, and other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes.
What are the health risks associated with FGM?
Health risks include severe pain, excessive bleeding, infections, urinary problems, and complications in childbirth, among others.
Why is FGM practiced?
FGM is often practiced for cultural, religious, or social reasons within families and communities, as a rite of passage or to ensure marriageability.
Can FGM be reversed?
While the physical damage of FGM is irreversible, some medical procedures can help manage complications and improve quality of life.
What should I do if I suspect someone is at risk of FGM?
If you are concerned someone may be at risk of FGM, contact the police, social services, or the NSPCC’s FGM helpline immediately.
How does the UK government help prevent FGM?
The UK government provides education, supports community programs, and enforces laws against FGM to prevent it and protect those at risk.
Is there support available for FGM survivors?
Yes, there are specialist health clinics and support organizations in the UK that provide medical treatment and psychological support for FGM survivors.
Can FGM affect mental health?
Yes, FGM can lead to long-term mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety.
What are the legal repercussions for performing FGM?
Performing FGM or arranging for a girl to be taken abroad for FGM is a criminal offense in the UK, punishable by up to 14 years in prison.
How is FGM reported in the UK?
Healthcare professionals, teachers, and social workers have a mandatory duty to report known cases of FGM in under-18s to the police.
What is the role of the NHS in combating FGM?
The NHS offers medical care for those affected by FGM, raises awareness, and trains healthcare professionals to identify and support those at risk.
How common is FGM in the UK?
FGM is less common in the UK compared to some countries, but it is still practiced within certain communities. Efforts are ongoing to eliminate it entirely.
What resources are available for educating about FGM?
Resources are available through NHS websites, gov.uk, and various charities dedicated to ending FGM and supporting affected individuals.
Useful Links
Useful links from: Women talking about their personal experiences of female genital mutilation (FGM) | NHS
- NHS - Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) The NHS page on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) provides detailed information about the practice, its health effects, and personal stories from women who have experienced it.
- Forward UK Forward UK is a leading African women-led organisation that champions the rights of African women and girls, providing support and real-life testimonials from women affected by FGM.
- Daughters of Eve Daughters of Eve is a UK-based non-profit organisation that works to protect girls and young women who are at risk from FGM, with personal accounts and support resources.
- NHS Choices - FGM Survivors Share Their Stories This NHS Choices page shares survivors' stories, highlighting the personal experiences of women who have undergone FGM and the support available to them.
Useful links from: Female Genital Mutilation: The Facts | NHS
- Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) - NHS Comprehensive information from the NHS about Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), including what it is, the risks involved, and where to get help.
- National FGM Centre A collaboration between Barnardo’s and the Local Government Association, providing guidance, resources, and support related to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in the UK.
- NSPCC - Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Information from the NSPCC about Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), including how to spot the signs, effects on children, and how to get help.
- Forward UK The Foundation for Women's Health, Research and Development (FORWARD) is an African women-led organisation that provides information, advocacy, and services related to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and other forms of violence against women and girls.
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