Total knee replacement

Total Knee Replacement: An Overview

Understanding Total Knee Replacement

Total knee replacement, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure performed to replace a damaged or diseased knee joint with an artificial prosthesis. This procedure is commonly recommended for patients suffering from severe arthritis or knee injury that significantly hampers their quality of life and mobility. In the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) provides comprehensive care and support for patients undergoing this surgery.

When is Total Knee Replacement Recommended?

Total knee replacement is typically advised when non-surgical treatments, such as physical therapy, medications, or less invasive surgeries, have failed to alleviate knee pain and improve function. Common conditions that may necessitate this procedure include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-traumatic arthritis. Patients often experience chronic pain, stiffness, and swelling that limit daily activities like walking, climbing stairs, or even sitting and standing.

The Surgical Procedure

During a total knee replacement, the surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone from the surface of the knee joint and replaces it with metal and plastic components. These artificial parts are designed to mimic the natural movement of the knee. The surgery generally lasts between one to two hours, and it is performed under general or spinal anaesthesia. Patients typically stay in the hospital for a few days following the operation.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Post-surgery, patients will undergo a structured rehabilitation programme to regain strength and mobility in the knee. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the recovery process, with exercises tailored to improve range of motion, strength, and flexibility. In the UK, the NHS provides extensive outpatient physiotherapy support to ensure a smooth and effective rehabilitation. Most patients can resume normal activities within six weeks, although full recovery may take up to a year.

Risks and Complications

As with any major surgery, total knee replacement carries certain risks and potential complications. These may include infection, blood clots, implant loosening, or nerve damage. However, advancements in surgical techniques and post-operative care have significantly reduced the incidence of such complications. Patients are encouraged to discuss any concerns with their surgeon and follow the pre- and post-operative guidelines carefully to minimize risks.

Quality of Life Post-Surgery

Total knee replacement has been shown to significantly enhance the quality of life for many patients. Most individuals report substantial pain relief, improved joint function, and a greater ability to engage in daily activities. While the artificial joint has a lifespan of about 15-20 years, many patients enjoy long-term benefits from the procedure. Regular follow-up appointments with the healthcare team ensure ongoing monitoring and management of the knee prosthesis. For more information on total knee replacement, patients in the UK are advised to consult with their GP or visit the NHS website for detailed resources and support.