Leukaemia: What are the signs and symptoms? | NHS

Signs and symptoms of leukaemia

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. Symptoms of leukemia can vary depending on the type of leukemia, the stage of the disease, and individual factors. Here are some common symptoms:

1. Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or weakness that doesn't improve with rest.
2. Frequent infections: Increased susceptibility to infections due to a weakened immune system.
3. Unexplained weight loss: Significant and unexplained weight loss over a short period.
4. Fever or chills: Recurrent fever or chills without any apparent cause.
5. Easy bruising or bleeding: Excessive bruising, prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, or frequent nosebleeds.
6. Pale skin: Skin may appear paler than usual due to anemia caused by a low red blood cell count.
7. Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.
8. Enlarged lymph nodes: Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin.
9. Swollen abdomen or spleen: Enlargement of the abdomen or spleen, which may cause discomfort or a feeling of fullness.
10. Bone pain or tenderness: Pain or tenderness in the bones, joints, or abdomen.
11. Headaches: Persistent or severe headaches, sometimes accompanied by vision problems.
12. Night sweats: Profuse sweating, particularly at night, unrelated to temperature or activity level.
13. Frequent urination: Increased need to urinate, especially at night.
14. Difficulty concentrating or memory problems: Cognitive difficulties such as trouble concentrating, memory loss, or confusion.
15. Rash or spots: Unexplained rash, tiny red spots (petechiae), or purplish patches (ecchymosis) on the skin.

It's important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other medical conditions, so if you experience any of these symptoms, it's essential to see a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis. Additionally, leukemia can sometimes be present without causing any noticeable symptoms, especially in the early stages, which underscores the importance of regular medical check-ups and screenings.