What should you do if you suspect H9N2 infection?

What is H9N2 and when to be concerned

H9N2 is a type of avian influenza, or bird flu, that mainly affects birds. Human infection is uncommon, but it can happen after close contact with infected birds, bird droppings, or contaminated surfaces.

If you have recently been around sick birds, live poultry, or environments where bird flu has been reported, take symptoms seriously. Early action can help protect your health and reduce the chance of spreading infection to others.

Common symptoms to watch for

Symptoms of H9N2 infection can look like other flu-like illnesses. They may include fever, cough, sore throat, blocked nose, tiredness, muscle aches, or headache.

Some people may also develop eye irritation, shortness of breath, or more severe illness. If you feel unwell after bird exposure, do not assume it is just a normal cold.

What to do straight away

Stay at home and avoid contact with other people as much as possible. Do not go to work, school, or public places until you have spoken to a healthcare professional.

Wash your hands often with soap and water, and avoid touching your face. If you have had close contact with birds, change and wash any contaminated clothing and clean exposed surfaces carefully.

Contact the right healthcare service

In the UK, contact NHS 111 for advice if you think you may have H9N2 infection. Tell them about your symptoms and clearly explain any contact with birds, poultry, farms, live bird markets, or dead birds.

If symptoms are severe, such as breathing difficulty, chest pain, confusion, or blue lips, call 999 immediately. Tell the operator that you may have had exposure to bird flu so they can give you the right instructions.

Protect other people while you wait for advice

Wear a face covering if you need to be near other people before you get medical advice. Keep your distance from household members, and do not share towels, cups, or cutlery.

If you live with others, open windows for ventilation and clean frequently touched surfaces. If you must handle birds or contaminated materials, use gloves where appropriate and wash your hands thoroughly afterwards.

Follow public health advice

Your GP, NHS 111, or local health protection team may advise testing, monitoring, or antiviral treatment. Follow their guidance carefully, even if your symptoms seem mild at first.

If there has been a confirmed bird flu incident in your area, public health teams may also contact you directly. Keep any advice about isolation, symptoms, or follow-up checks for the full recommended period.