How to treat constipation | NHS

Constipation is a common condition that affects people of all ages. It can mean that you're not passing stools regularly or you're unable to completely empty your bowel.

Symptoms of constipation include infrequent bowel movements, hard or small stools, straining to have bowel movements, a sense that you haven't fully emptied your bowels, and sometimes stomach pain.

Constipation can be caused by a variety of factors including a lack of dietary fibre, insufficient fluid intake, lack of physical activity, certain medications, and ignoring the urge to pass stools.

To prevent constipation, eat a balanced diet with plenty of fibre from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, drink plenty of fluids, stay active, and go to the toilet when you feel the urge.

Eating high-fibre foods such as fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains, and nuts can help. Prunes and prune juice are also particularly effective.

Aim to drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of fluids a day. Water and clear soups are good choices.

Regular physical activity can help stimulate intestinal function. Even a daily walk or a run can help.

If dietary changes and exercise are not effective, you may consider over-the-counter laxatives, but it is best to consult a healthcare professional before starting any medication.

Regular use of laxatives is not generally recommended without medical advice as it can lead to dependency or mask underlying conditions.

Yes, stress can affect your digestive system and contribute to constipation. Relaxation techniques and managing stress can help improve bowel function.

Certain medications including painkillers (especially opioids), antacids containing aluminium or calcium, antidepressants, and iron supplements can cause constipation.

You should see a doctor if you experience severe pain, unexplained weight loss, or if dietary and lifestyle changes do not improve your symptoms. Also, if there is blood in your stools, seek medical help.

Yes, children can experience constipation, often due to dietary issues, lack of fluid intake, or anxiety related to toilet training or other factors.

Chronic constipation can lead to complications such as haemorrhoids, anal fissures, or in severe cases, faecal impaction which may require medical intervention.

Yes, constipation can sometimes indicate underlying health conditions such as hypothyroidism, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or colorectal cancer. Persistent constipation should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.