Endometrial Cancer

What is endometrial cancer?

Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. The uterus is the pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis where a baby grows during pregnancy.

Here are some key points about endometrial cancer:

1. Causes: The exact cause of endometrial cancer is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to changes in the DNA of cells in the endometrium, leading to uncontrolled growth and the formation of tumors. Risk factors for endometrial cancer include hormonal imbalances (such as excess estrogen), obesity, age (most commonly diagnosed in postmenopausal women), diabetes, certain genetic conditions (such as Lynch syndrome), and a history of endometrial hyperplasia or previous pelvic radiation therapy.
2. Symptoms: Endometrial cancer may cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding (including postmenopausal bleeding or bleeding between periods), pelvic pain or discomfort, pain during intercourse, and changes in bowel or urinary habits. However, in some cases, endometrial cancer may cause no symptoms, especially in the early stages.
3. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of endometrial cancer typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging tests (such as transvaginal ultrasound), and diagnostic procedures (such as endometrial biopsy or dilation and curettage) to obtain a tissue sample from the lining of the uterus for examination under a microscope.
4. Staging: Endometrial cancer is staged based on the extent of the disease, including the size of the tumor, whether it has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes, and whether it has metastasized (spread) to distant organs. Staging helps guide treatment decisions and prognosis.
5. Treatment: Treatment for endometrial cancer depends on the stage and characteristics of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. Treatment options may include surgery (such as hysterectomy or removal of nearby lymph nodes), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy. The goal of treatment is to remove or destroy cancerous cells and prevent recurrence.
6. Prognosis: The prognosis for endometrial cancer varies depending on factors such as the stage of the disease, tumor grade, and response to treatment. Endometrial cancer diagnosed at an early stage (confined to the uterus) generally has a more favorable prognosis, with high survival rates. However, advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer may be more challenging to treat and may have a poorer prognosis.

Regular pelvic exams, Pap smears, and discussions with a healthcare provider can help detect endometrial cancer early when it is most treatable. If you experience any symptoms suggestive of endometrial cancer, it's essential to seek prompt medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and treatment.