Cornea transplant patient Information

Cornea Transplant Patient Information

Introduction to Cornea Transplant

A cornea transplant, also known as keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure where part or all of the cornea, the eye’s clear front surface, is replaced with donor corneal tissue. This surgery can restore vision, reduce pain, and improve the appearance of a damaged or diseased cornea.

Eligibility Criteria

Patients in the United Kingdom might be considered for a cornea transplant if they have severe corneal damage due to conditions like keratoconus, corneal ulcers, or dystrophies. A detailed eye examination and consultation with an ophthalmologist will determine the eligibility.

Pre-Operative Preparation

Before the surgery, patients may undergo a series of tests and assessments to ensure they are suitable candidates. In the UK, this typically involves a referral from your GP to an ophthalmology specialist, who will discuss the risks and benefits of the surgery with you.

The Surgical Procedure

The procedure is typically performed under local or general anesthesia and can take around one to two hours. The damaged corneal tissue is removed and replaced with the healthy donor tissue, which is then sutured into place. The type of keratoplasty performed can vary based on the specific condition being treated.

Post-Operative Care

After the surgery, patients will need to follow a strict regimen of eye drops to prevent infection and inflammation. Appointments for follow-up care will be scheduled to monitor healing and to mitigate any complications. Full recovery can take several months, and during this time, strenuous activities should be avoided.

Risks and Complications

While cornea transplants are generally successful, they carry certain risks such as rejection of the donor cornea, infection, and increased intraocular pressure. It’s essential to be aware of these risks and report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly.

Conclusion

A cornea transplant can significantly improve the quality of life for patients with severe corneal damage. By thoroughly understanding the process, preparation, and aftercare, patients in the UK can better manage their expectations and contribute to a smoother recovery process.

Cornea Transplant: Patient Information for the United Kingdom

What is a Cornea Transplant?

A cornea transplant, also known as keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace part or all of a damaged or diseased cornea with corneal tissue from a donor. The cornea, the clear front layer of the eye, plays a vital role in focusing vision. This procedure can significantly improve vision, reduce pain, and enhance the appearance of a damaged or diseased cornea.

Who Needs a Cornea Transplant?

Patients in the UK might require a cornea transplant if they suffer from conditions such as keratoconus, corneal scarring due to infections or injuries, corneal swelling (known as endothelial failure), or hereditary eye diseases that affect the cornea. An eye specialist will assess the necessity of a transplant based on the individual's specific condition.

Types of Cornea Transplants

There are several types of cornea transplants. The most common is penetrating keratoplasty (PK), where the entire cornea is replaced. Other types include endothelial keratoplasty (EK) and anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK), which replace specific layers of the cornea, offering faster recovery times.

The Procedure

The cornea transplant procedure generally involves outpatient surgery under local or general anaesthesia. The operation can take between 1 to 2 hours, during which the damaged portion of the cornea is removed and replaced with donor tissue. The new cornea is then stitched into place.

Aftercare and Recovery

Post-surgery, patients will typically be given eye drops to prevent infection and control swelling. They are advised to avoid strenuous activities and to keep water away from the eyes during showering. Regular follow-up appointments are crucial to monitor healing and detect any signs of rejection early.

Risks and Success Rate

Corneal transplants have a high success rate in the UK, with most patients experiencing significant improvement in vision. However, risks include infection, bleeding, increased intraocular pressure, and rejection of the donor tissue. Prompt medical attention is required if symptoms such as redness, pain, or vision loss occur.

Accessing Donor Tissue in the UK

In the UK, donor corneas are sourced from NHS Blood and Transplant and other tissue banks. The waiting time for corneal tissue can vary, and the availability is subject to donor supply. Transplant centres in the UK strive to match patients with suitable tissue as timely as possible.

Support Services

Numerous support services are available for cornea transplant patients in the UK. These range from patient information leaflets provided by hospitals to support groups where patients can share experiences. The Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) offers resources for those adjusting to changes in vision.