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Introduction to Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a treatment for patients with kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body. This is different from haemodialysis, which filters your blood outside your body using a machine. PD can be carried out at home, at work or even while travelling, making it a flexible option for many people.
How Does Peritoneal Dialysis Work?
Peritoneal Dialysis works by using a dialysis solution, also known as dialysate, to clean your blood. The dialysis solution is a sterile, glucose-based fluid that is introduced into the peritoneal cavity – the space within the abdomen that houses the intestines and other organs. The peritoneal membrane acts as a natural filter, allowing waste products and excess fluids to pass from the blood into the dialysis solution. After a set dwell time, the used solution is drained and replaced with fresh dialysate.
Types of Peritoneal Dialysis
There are two main types of Peritoneal Dialysis:
- Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD): This is done manually using gravity to introduce and drain the dialysis solution. It usually requires four to five daily exchanges, but it can be performed anywhere.
- Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD): This uses a machine called a cycler to perform multiple exchanges, typically while you sleep. APD is often preferred due to its convenience and reduced daytime disruptions.
Benefits of Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis offers several advantages, including greater flexibility and independence compared to haemodialysis. Many patients report a better quality of life as it allows them to maintain a normal daily routine. PD can also offer more stable blood chemistry and fluid levels since it's done more continuously.
Considerations and Risks
While PD is an effective treatment for many people, it may not be suitable for everyone. Some potential risks include infections such as peritonitis, hernias, and the efficiency of the dialysis may decrease over time. It's important to undergo regular medical reviews and follow your healthcare provider's advice closely.
Support and Resources in the UK
In the UK, the NHS provides comprehensive support for patients undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis. You will be supported by a multi-disciplinary team including nephrologists, nurses, and dietitians. Additionally, organisations such as Kidney Care UK and the National Kidney Federation offer valuable resources and community support.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)?
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdominal cavity, the peritoneum, to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood.
How does Peritoneal Dialysis work?
PD involves filling the abdominal cavity with a dialysis solution through a catheter. The solution absorbs waste and excess fluids through the peritoneum and is then drained away.
What are the types of Peritoneal Dialysis?
There are two main types: Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD). CAPD is done manually throughout the day, while APD uses a machine to perform exchanges at night.
How often do I need to perform Peritoneal Dialysis?
The frequency depends on the type of PD. CAPD usually requires 4-5 exchanges per day, while APD typically runs overnight, taking around 8-10 hours.
Can I perform Peritoneal Dialysis at home?
Yes, one of the benefits of PD is that it can be performed at home, providing more flexibility and independence compared to in-centre haemodialysis.
What supplies are needed for Peritoneal Dialysis?
You will need a catheter, dialysis solution, and sterile supplies for connecting and disconnecting the dialysis solution. For APD, a cycler machine is also required.
What are the risks associated with Peritoneal Dialysis?
Some potential risks include infection (peritonitis), hernias, and catheter-related complications. It’s important to follow strict hygiene protocols to minimise these risks.
How do I prevent infections while on Peritoneal Dialysis?
Maintain a strict hygiene regimen, including washing your hands thoroughly before touching the catheter and keeping the exit site clean and dry.
Can I travel while on Peritoneal Dialysis?
Yes, you can travel while on PD. Make arrangements in advance to have supplies shipped to your destination and ensure you have a clean and safe environment to perform exchanges.
What dietary changes do I need to make on Peritoneal Dialysis?
Dietary changes may include controlling fluid intake, limiting potassium, phosphorus, and sodium, and ensuring adequate protein intake. A dietitian can provide personalised advice.
Can I exercise while on Peritoneal Dialysis?
Yes, regular exercise is encouraged to maintain overall health, but it’s advisable to avoid activities that put excessive strain on the abdomen. Consult your healthcare provider for specific recommendations.
How will Peritoneal Dialysis affect my daily routine?
PD allows for more flexibility in your schedule compared to in-centre dialysis. You can perform exchanges around your daily activities and usually don't need to visit a dialysis centre regularly.
Will I feel pain during Peritoneal Dialysis?
You should not feel pain during the procedure. However, if you experience discomfort or pain, it is important to contact your healthcare provider immediately.
How do I store Peritoneal Dialysis supplies?
Store supplies in a clean, dry, and cool place. Make sure that the area is free from pests and contaminants to prevent infections.
What are the long-term outcomes of Peritoneal Dialysis?
Many patients have successfully managed their kidney failure with PD for years. Regular follow-ups with your healthcare team are essential to monitor your health and make any necessary adjustments.
Useful Links
Useful links from: Home dialysis help for kidney patients
- NHS - Home Dialysis Official NHS page providing information about home dialysis, how it's conducted, and resources for UK patients.
- Kidney Care UK Kidney Care UK offers support and advice for kidney patients. They have extensive information on home dialysis options and patient experiences.
- British Kidney Patient Association The British Kidney Patient Association provides support and advice for kidney patients, including information about home dialysis.
- National Kidney Federation The National Kidney Federation (NKF) is a UK charity offering support and information for kidney patients, including resources on home dialysis.
Useful links from: Home Haemodialysis - Donna's story
- NHS - Home Haemodialysis Learn about home haemodialysis on the NHS website, including its benefits, risks, and practical considerations.
- Kidney Care UK - Home Haemodialysis Kidney Care UK provides comprehensive information on home haemodialysis, including personal stories and practical advice.
- National Kidney Federation - Dialysis Types The National Kidney Federation explains different types of dialysis, including home haemodialysis, and patient experiences.
- PKD Charity UK - Dialysis: Information for Patients Polycystic Kidney Disease Charity UK offers resources on dialysis options for patients, including home haemodialysis.
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