Childhood squint | NHS

Childhood Squint | NHS

What is Childhood Squint?

Childhood squint, also known as strabismus, is a condition where the eyes point in different directions. One eye may turn inwards, outwards, upwards, or downwards while the other eye looks forward. This misalignment can be constant or intermittent and may alternate between eyes. It is relatively common among children in the United Kingdom, affecting about 1 in 20.

Causes of Childhood Squint

The exact cause of childhood squint is often unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development. Genetic factors play a significant role, and a family history of squint or eye problems increases the risk. Other causes may include refractive errors like myopia (short-sightedness) or hyperopia (long-sightedness), weak muscles around the eye, or neurological conditions that impact eye control. Sometimes, underlying health conditions like cerebral palsy or Down's syndrome are associated with squint.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The primary symptom of a squint is misalignment of the eyes. Other signs include the child closing one eye in bright sunlight, tilting their head to look at objects, or having poor depth perception. If left untreated, squint can lead to amblyopia, commonly known as lazy eye, a condition where the brain starts ignoring input from the misaligned eye, resulting in reduced vision. Diagnosing squint typically involves a thorough examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. This includes checking the alignment of the eyes, visual acuity tests, and possibly eye movement evaluations. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.

Treatment Options

Several treatment options are available for childhood squint, depending on its cause and severity. Eyeglasses may correct refractive errors and help align the eyes. Sometimes, wearing an eye patch over the stronger eye encourages the weaker eye to work harder, improving its function. Eye exercises, known as orthoptics, may also be recommended. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to adjust the muscles around the eyes. This procedure aims to improve alignment and coordination between the eyes. Non-surgical treatments are generally attempted first, especially in younger children.

Importance of Early Intervention

Early intervention is vital for the successful treatment of childhood squint. When diagnosed and managed promptly, most children can achieve good visual outcomes and avoid complications like amblyopia. Regular eye check-ups are essential, especially if there is a family history of eye issues. The NHS provides various resources and support for parents navigating this condition, ensuring children receive the care they need for optimal eye health. By addressing childhood squint early, children can enjoy better visual development and improved quality of life.